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1、第——段Industrialhygienehasbeendefinedas"thatscienceorartdevotedtotheanticipation,recognition,andcontrolofthoseenvironmentalfactorsorstresses,arisinginorfromtheworkplace,whichmaycausesickness,impairedhealthandwellbeing,orsignificantdiscomfortandinefficiencyamongworkersoramongt
2、hecitizensofthecommunityn工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力的科学与技术，这些压力产生或來自于工作场所，能够造成疾病、损害人们的幸福安康、或使工人或社区居民的工作效率不高，并使他们感觉到很不舒服”O第三段Physicalhazardsincludeexcessivelevelsofnonionizingandionizingradiation,noise,vibration,andextremesoftemperatureandpressure・Anyofthesehaveorcanhave
3、seriousadverseeffectsuponyourworkforce・Youshouldidentifyanyofthesewhichexistinyourworkenvironmentandwhichpresentarisktoyouremployees・物理危害包括过量的非电离与电离辐射，噪声，振动，和极端的温度和压力。所有这些己经或可能对你的员工产生严重的不利影响。（作为雇主）你应该找出任何存在于你的工作环境这些因素，并识别出那些对你的员工是有危险的。第五段Noiseisaserioushazardwhenitresultsin
4、temporaryorpermanenthearingloss,physicalormentaldisturbance,anyinterferencewithvoicecommunications,orthedisruptionofajob,rest,relaxation,orsleep・Noiseisanyundesiredsoundandisusuallyasoundthatbearsnoinformationwithvaryingintensity.Itinterfereswiththeperceptionofwantedsound,a
5、ndislikelytobeharmful,causeannoyance,and/orinterferewithspeech・当噪音导致暂时或永久的听力丧失，使身体或精神发生紊乱，对语言交流产生干扰，或对工作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时，它是―种非常严重的危害。噪音是任何不被期望的声音，它通常是一种强度变化但不包括任何信息的声音。它干扰人们对正常声音的辨别，可能是有害的，能使人烦恼，并(或)干扰人们说话。第八段Noisedoselimitsarenowrequiredforworkplacestominimizehearinglossfrom
6、occupationalexposure・Althoughloudernoiseisallowedforbriefperiodsduringtheworkday,themandatorynoiselevellimit(setbyOSHA),is90dBA.Anemployermustmakehearingprotectionavailable,providetraining,andprovidehearingtestswhenthenoiselevelexceeds85dBA,time-weightedaverage.Asabasicrule
7、,ifyoucannotheardBA,employersmustassurethatprotectionisbeingused・Heatstressisaseriousphysicalhazardthatshouldalwaysbeconsideredonaconstructionjobsiteespeciallyduringthesummermonths・Thechanceofdevelopingheatstressincreaseswithincreasedhumidity,hotenvironments,andtheuseofpers
8、onalprotectiveequipment・Sweatingisthemosteffectivemeansoflosingexcessheat,aslongas
