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1、第二章精读课文——入门必修数学与计算科学学院栾姝Keypoints:usefultermsanddefinitionsofMathematics,equationDifficultpoints:SomemathematicaltermsRequirements:1.掌握所讲课文的生词和词组2.理解并掌握课外作业里面的汉译英3.理解所讲段落的翻译技巧与方法NewWords&Expressions:algebra代数学geometrical几何的algebraic代数的identity恒等式arithmetic算术,算术的meas
2、ure测量,测度axiom公理numerical数值的,数字的conception概念,观点operation运算constant常数postulate公设logicaldeduction逻辑推理proposition命题division除,除法subtraction减,减法formula公式term项,术语trigonometry三角学variable变化的,变量2.1数学、方程与比例Mathematics,EquationandRatioMathematicscomesfromman’ssocialpractice,for
3、example,industrialandagriculturalproduction,commercialactivities,militaryoperationsandscientificandtechnologicalresearches.1-AWhatismathematics数学来源于人类的社会实践,比如工农业生产,商业活动,军事行动和科学技术研究。Andinturn,mathematicsservesthepracticeandplaysagreatroleinallfields.Nomodernscientifi
4、candtechnologicalbranchescouldberegularlydevelopedwithouttheapplicationofmathematics.反过来,数学服务于实践,并在各个领域中起着非常重要的作用。没有应用数学,任何一个现在的科技的分支都不能正常发展。Fromtheearlyneedofmancametheconceptsofnumbersandforms.Then,geometrydevelopedoutofproblemsofmeasuringland,andtrigonometrycamef
5、romproblemsofsurveying.Todealwithsomemorecomplexpracticalproblems,manestablishedandthensolvedequationwithunknownnumbers,thusalgebraoccurred.很早的时候,人类的需要产生了数和形的概念。接着,测量土地问题形成了几何学,测量问题产生了三角学。为了处理更复杂的实际问题,人类建立和解决了带未知数的方程,从而产生了代数学。Before17thcentury,manconfinedhimselftoth
6、eelementarymathematics,i.e.,geometry,trigonometryandalgebra,inwhichonlytheconstantsareconsidered.17世纪前,人类局限于只考虑常数的初等数学,即几何学,三角学和代数学。Therapiddevelopmentofindustryin17thcenturypromotedtheprogressofeconomicsandtechnologyandrequireddealingwithvariablequantities.Theleapf
7、romconstantstovariablequantitiesbroughtabouttwonewbranchesofmathematics----analyticgeometryandcalculus,whichbelongtothehighermathematics.17世纪工业的快速发展推动了经济技术的进步,从而遇到需要处理变量的问题。从常量到变量的跳跃产生了两个新的数学分支-----解析几何和微积分,他们都属于高等数学。Nowtherearemanybranchesinhighermathematics,amongw
8、hicharemathematicalanalysis,higheralgebra,differentialequations,functiontheoryandsoon.现在高等数学里面有很多分支,其中有数学分析,高等代数,微分方程,函数论等。Mathematicianss