非谓语动词课堂讲义二.doc

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1、非谓语动词课堂讲义（二）todo动词不定式  doing动名词  doing现在分词  done 过去第一节动词不定式todo（一）不定式的句法功能1主语TolearnEnglishisveryimportant.ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglish.Ittookme100Yuan tobuytheclothesIttakessbtime/money/energytodosth（动词不定式的逻辑主语）ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglish.Itisconsiderate/thoughtfulofyoutogivemehelp

2、.Youareconsideratetogivemehelp.Itisveryimportantforstudentstoobserve/obey/abidebytherule.2宾语(1)主+谓+宾Ihopetomeetyounextweek.Hepretendedtoreadbooks.(2)主+谓+宾+宾补IthinkiteasytolearnEnglish.3表语Hisdreamistogotocollege.Heistoblameforthecaraccident.4充当定语Heisthefirstonetocome.Ilikethelabtobebuilt.Thereis

3、noseattositon.5宾语补足语/主语补足语（1）普通动词后面所带的宾语补足语Hewarnedmenot/nevertobefired.inspiresbtodosthencouragesbtodosthurgesbtodosthappealsbtodosthallowsbtodosth（2）感官动词和使役动词后面所带的补足语findseehearwatchmakehaveShewasheardtosingasongnextdoor.makehaveImadehimhandinhisassignment.Hewasmadetohandinhisassignment6状语（1）

4、目的状语To/Inordertoearnaliving,thousandsofpeoplewenttosouth.（2）结果状语Hehurriedtotherailwaystationonlytofindthatthetrainhadgone.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadgone.（3）原因状语Hewasdelightedtofindthathepassedtheexam.注：一.主动形式----被动意义1.充当定语Hehadalotofworktodo.2.充当表语Heistoblameforthecaraccide

5、nt.3.充当宾语Thechairlookshard,butthechairiscomfortabletositon.4.复合谓语Thelectureishardtounderstand.Ithinkthelecturehardtounderstand.二.不定式的否定式(放在不定式的前面)1.充当宾语 Hepretendednottoseeme.2充当表语 Hisgoalistogotocollege,nottowork.3.补足语Hewarnedusnot/nevertobefired.4.状语Heworkedhardinordernottolearnsomething.三.疑问

6、词+todo（it） whattodo    howtodoit whytodoit   whentodoit wheretodoit whichonetochoose1.充当主语Howtosolvetheproblemisstillunknown.Whattodoisaproblem.2.宾语Idon’tknowwhattodo.(二)动词不定式的时态与语态(充当宾语时的特征)1一般式Ihopetoseeyounextweek.2进行式Hepretendedtobereadingbooks.3完成式I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.注一：固定结

7、构Itisreportedthathehasgoneabroad.==Heisreportedtohavegoneabroad.issupposedissaidisconsidered二：一般过去时用tohavedone或者tohavebeendoneHeplanedtohavegoneabroadIwantedtohavebeatenhimshould/wouldlovetohavedoneshould/wouldliketohavedone三：动词不