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1、核心介词用法归纳与辨析(1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,如:inthe1990s,intheyear,inJanuary,in(the)winter/summer/fall/spring,inthefirstweekofMay。还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:inawhile,innotime,inthedaytime,inashortwhile,intime,inthemorning(afternoon,evening)。但要注意:①atnight/atnoon,intheday(在白天),inthenigh
2、t(大夜间)。②infivedays(weeks,months,years)中in意思是“在……以后”。③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如:inthenight,duringthenight,inthewar,duringthewar。但略有区别:当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如:duringthediscussionindiscussingtheproblemduringherstayinHubeiinplayingbasketballduringthecourseofindiggingthetunnel(2)在具体的
3、某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。onSunday(s).onTuesdaymorningonChristmasDay(但atChrismas),onChristmasEve,onChildren’sDayonMarch8,onthemorning(afternoon,evening)ofOct.1earlyonthemorningofOct.1(区别:inthelate/earlymorningofOct.1)onarainynight,onwarmwinterdays(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。atbreakfast(supper,lunch),
4、atsixatnoon(sunrise,sunset,midday,night,midnight,dawn)attheageof15,atthetimeofwar,但intimeofdanger/trouble。注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。如:nextday、lastSunday、thatmorning、theseyearsone、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如somedayoneday、yesterday/afternoon,thenightbefore(4)till、until、to的用法。①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于
5、肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如:Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.Hedidn’tgetuptill(until)10a.m.(不可用to).但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如:Notuntil9a.m.didMr.Smithcomebacktoschool.②to表“终结”时常用和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如:fromJulytoSeptember,fromsixto(till)eight(从……到……为止),但frommorningtillnight(从早到晚),不能用to。from…
6、to常构成习惯搭配,不可换用其他介词。(A)表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。fromtimetotime(不时,有时),fromdaytoday(天天),fromhandtohand(不断传下去),fromplacetoplace(处处,到处),fromsidetoside(左右摇摆),fromdoortodoor(家家户户),fromhousetohouse(挨家挨户),fromshoptoshop(一个商店接一个商店)。(B)表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。frombeginningtoend(从头到尾,自始至终)(fromthebeginningtotheendof…)
7、;fromhandtomouth(仅能糊口),frombadtoworse(越来越糟),fromheadtofoot(从头到脚),fromtoptobottom(整个地,彻底地),fromtoptotoe(全身),fromstarttofinish(自始至终,从头到尾)。(C)fromone+名词+toanother表示“依次”。如fromonecartoanother(顺着车厢依次地)。(D)名词+by+同一单数名词,表示“一个一个地”,要与from…to短语区别开