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1、定语从句关系代词关系副词关系代词关系副词起连词作用,本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语即起连接作用,本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语who,whom(…的人)whose(某人的…)which(…东西,指物)that(…的人或物,指物或人)as(象…那样的,和…相同,正如)when(…的时候,修饰的时间名词)where(…的地方修饰场所、方位等名词)why(…原因;…理由)2定语从句例句解析:关系代词请看下面例句:(1)Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereisMary.(who,that指人
2、,在从句中作主语)(2)Theman(whom/who/that)mymothersawinthestreetismyteacher.(whom,who,that指人,在从句中作宾语,也可省略)3(3)Thebookwhich/thattellsusabouttheearthisinteresting.(which,that指物,在从句中作主语,不可省略)(4)Thebuilding(which/that)hereferredtoisbeautiful.(which,that指物,在从句中作宾语,可省略)4(5)Sheli
3、vesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.(whose指物,在从句中作windows的定语)(6)ThecompanywillemployapersonwhoseEnglishisgood.(whose在从句中指人,作定语)Whose即可指人,也可指物,是所有格,在从句中作定语,指物时可与ofwhich互换。5关系副词(7)I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.(when指时间,在从句中做时间状语)(8)Iwon’tforgetthefactorywhere
4、myfatherworked.(where指地点,在从句中作地点状语)(9)Tellmethereasonwhyyoucamelate.(why表示原因,在从句中作原因状语)6(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换,但在下列情况中一般不可以用which。定语从句注意以下点:①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时,如:a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehasso
5、mething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.7②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时:I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。a.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.b.It’sthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverre
6、ad.8④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时a.Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.b.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤先行词是疑问词who,which,what时,定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。a.Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?b.Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotkn
7、owthis?9c.Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑥当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时,这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.⑦当关系代词在从句中作表语时:Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.10定语从句中的“特殊关系代词”:as
8、用于thesame…as…,such…as…,as…as…,so…as…中,as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。这种用法中的关系代词as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或状语。如:11①Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).②Heisofthesameageasyou(are).③Ihaven