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1、静电实验浅析(Electrostaticexperiment)ElectrostaticexperimentPeiZhuLinElectrostaticexperimentisoneofthebasicexperimentsinelectromagnetics・Itisverycomplexandcomplicated・Manymiddleschoolteachersreflectthattheexperimentisnoteasytograspandthesuccessrateislow.Itcanbecalled
2、themosttroublesomeprobleminphysicsexperimentteachinginmiddleschool.Herearesomeoftheproblemsinelectrostaticexperiments:1electrostaticcharacteristicsandfactorsaffectingtheexperiment:Thefundamentalreasonforthesuccessoftheelectrostaticexperimentisitstwocharacterist
3、ics:first,lesspower,suchasthefrictionofglassrodorrubberrod,theamountofelectricityisabout10-9-10-3ordersofmagnitude[1]・Thetwoisahighvoltage,aglassrodorarubberrodchargeoftengatheredintherangeofsmallvolume,soithasaveryhighvoltage,canreachthousandsofvoltstotensofth
4、ousandsofvolts,suchasinductionmotorsuitabletemperatureandrelativehumidity,canproduce4to60thousandvolts,thepowerisonlyabout10*10-6C・Therefore,inelectrostaticexperiments,oncetheleakageoccurs,thechargeiscompletelyleaked,whichleadstothefailureoftheexperiment・Becaus
5、eofthe"highvoltageandmicroelectricity"ofelectrostaticexperiment,thekeytoensurethesuccessofelectrostaticexperimentliesinpreventingelectrostaticleakage,andthreeofthefactorsofelectrostaticleakageareenvironmentalconditions,insulation,experimentaldevicesandmethods・1
6、.1insulationisthefirstconsiderationofelectrostaticexperiment・Theoretically,contactfrictionwillproduceanytwodifferentstaticobjects,butonlyaresistivitygreaterthan1010*CM,thesurfaceresistivitygreaterthan109ohminsulatortotheaccumulationofelectrostaticcharge,andstop
7、thecurrentthroughthe・Inthestaticexperiment,instrumentanddeviceisoftenworkinginthehighvoltageandlowbatterycondition,easilythroughtheair,surfaceandinternalinsulatorthreepathswillchargeleakage,andleakageisan"end〃・Soinsulationisthekeytoelectrostaticexperiment・1.2en
8、vironmentalconditions.Theenvironmentaltemperature,humidityandelectricfieldvaluearetheimportantpremisetoensurethenormalexperimentofelectrostaticexperiment・Electrostaticexperi