生产函数决定成本函数(英文版).ppt

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1、StevenLandsburg,UniversityofRochesterChapter6ProductionandCostsCopyright©2005byThomsonSouth-Western,partoftheThomsonCorporation.Allrightsreserved.1Landsburg,PriceTheoryandApplication,6theditionIntroduction生產函數決定成本函數，而(邊際)成本會影響供給函數；因此，本章先介紹生產函數，然後說明成本函數。生產函數在說明生產要素與產量之間的關係；生產要素

2、分為兩類，一類是短期即可變動其使用的數量的(以勞工為代表)，另一類是長期才可變動其使用的數量的(以資本為代表)。產量受到生產技術與生產要素的影響WheredocostcurvescomefromDependsonfirm’savailabletechnologyDeterminesproductionprocessProductionprocessdeterminesfirm’scosts2Landsburg,PriceTheoryandApplication,6theditionProductionandCostsintheShortRunLim

3、itedoptionsinshortrun(SR)InitialassumptionFirmcanhiremorelabor3Landsburg,PriceTheoryandApplication,6theditionProductionintheShortRunTotalproduct(TP)oflaborQuantityofoutputproducedbyfirminagivenamountoftimedependentonlaborhiredInformationgraphicallyrepresentedbyproductionfuncti

4、onProductionfunctionslopesupwardProductionfunctionisrulefordetermininghowmuchoutputcanbeproducedwithagivenbasketofinputs4Landsburg,PriceTheoryandApplication,6theditionCalculatingMPandAPMarginalproductoflabor(MPL)IncreaseintotalproductbasedonhiringoneadditionalworkerAssumecapit

5、alfixedSlopeofTPAverageproductoflabor(APL)Totalproductdividedbynumberofworkers5Landsburg,PriceTheoryandApplication,6theditionRelationbetweenMPandAPNTP6Landsburg,PriceTheoryandApplication,6theditionCalculatingMPandAP7Landsburg,PriceTheoryandApplication,6theditionMPL&APL8Landsbu

6、rg,PriceTheoryandApplication,6theditionEXHIBIT6.1Total,MarginalandAverageProducts9Landsburg,PriceTheoryandApplication,6theditionShapeofMPandAPCurvesAPIfnumberofworkerslarge,additionalworkerscauseaverageproductoflabortodecreaseInvertedU-shapeMPInvertedU-shapeAPandMPrelationship

7、tooneanotherIfMP>AP,MPliesaboveAPIfMP

8、uctcurveNeedwageratePriceofhiringlaborMultiplynumberofworkers