国际组织行为管理ppt课件.ppt

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1、PerceptionandIndividualDecisionMakingChapterFIVEWhatIsPerception,andWhyIsItImportant?People’sbehaviorisbasedontheirperceptionofwhatrealityis,notonrealityitself.Theworldasitisperceivedistheworldthatisbehaviorallyimportant.PerceptionAprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandi

2、nterprettheirsensoryimpressionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.FactorsThatInfluencePerceptionEXHIBIT5–1PersonPerception:MakingJudgmentsAboutOthersDistinctiveness:showsdifferentbehaviorsindifferentsituations.Consensus:responseisthesameasotherstosamesituation.Con

3、sistency:respondsinthesamewayovertime.AttributionTheoryWhenindividualsobservebehavior,theyattempttodeterminewhetheritisinternallyorexternallycaused.AttributionTheoryEXHIBIT5–2ErrorsandBiasesinAttributionsFundamentalAttributionErrorThetendencytounderestimatetheinfluence

4、ofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalfactorswhenmakingjudgmentsaboutthebehaviorofothers.Ingeneral,wetendtoblamethepersonfirst,notthesituation.ErrorsandBiasesinAttributions(cont’d)Self-ServingBiasThetendencyforindividualstoattributetheirownsuccessestoin

5、ternalfactorswhileputtingtheblameforfailuresonexternalfactors.Thought:Whenstudentgetsan“A”onanexam,theyoftensaytheystudiedhard.Butwhentheydon’tdowell,howdoestheselfservingbiascomeintoplay?Hint:Whosefaultisitusuallywhenanexamis“tough”?FrequentlyUsedShortcutsinJudgingOth

6、ersSelectivePerceptionPeopleselectivelyinterpretwhattheyseeonthebasisoftheirinterests,background,experience,andattitudes.FrequentlyUsedShortcutsinJudgingOthersHaloEffectDrawingageneralimpressionaboutanindividualonthebasisofasinglecharacteristicContrastEffectsEvaluation

7、ofaperson’scharacteristicsthatareaffectedbycomparisonswithotherpeoplerecentlyencounteredwhorankhigherorloweronthesamecharacteristicsFrequentlyUsedShortcutsinJudgingOthersProjectionAttributingone’sowncharacteristicstootherpeople.StereotypingJudgingsomeoneonthebasisofone

8、’sperceptionofthegrouptowhichthatpersonbelongs.SpecificApplicationsinOrganizationsEmploymentInterviewPerceptualbiases