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1、Grammar:AdverbialClausewith–ing-ingastheAdverbial1)时间状语Stillwatching,Willsawthecatbehavestrangely.Puttingdownhisshoppingbag,Willheldouthishand,andthecatcameuptohim.Whilewalkingslowlyonthestreet,Tommetoneofhisoldfriends.2).结果状语Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago,leavingherwitht
2、hreechildrentolookafter.3).伴随状语Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.4).原因状语Beingsick,Istayedathome.Notknowingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.注:分词与主句主语是主谓关系;副词放在分词之前。5）作方式状语Butlater,peopledevelopedawayofprinting,usingrocks.6)作条件状语Turningtotherightatthecrossing,youw
3、illseethePostOfficerightbeforeyou.Takingthepaththatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoadensewood.7)作补充说明Theplaneleavesatsix,arrivinginChicagoatten.(=…andwillarriveinChicago.)Thevisitorexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,addingthathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.(=…andaddedthath
4、ehadenjoyedhisstayhere.)动词－ing形式的独立主格结构现在分词的独立主格结构实际上是指逻辑主语的现在分词结构，该结构在句中可以作时间状语﹑条件状语﹑原因状语﹑伴随状语等，其逻辑主语前边也可以加上with，其中现在分词仍然表示正在进行的动作或主动的动作。1）Thebabyfellfromthecradle,bloodcomingdownfromhisleg.独立主格结构作状语，表示结果。2)Withhislipsstilltrembling,hecouldn’tsayaword.独立主格结构作状语，表示原因
5、。3)Thepolicemenmadetheirwayintotheforestwithahunterleadingtheway.独立主格结构作状语，表示伴随。4)Withthefirstrayoftherisingsuncoming,theysetoutfromthefarm.独立主格结构作状语，表示时间。-ing变化形式(doing/havingdone)1)动词-ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生﹑几乎同时发生或在谓语动词前发生。e.g.:Workinghard,youwillsucceedintheexperi
6、ment.Hearingthenews,sheburstintotears.2)动词-ing形式的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。Havinglivedtherefordozensofyears,heknowsthecitywell.Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.-ing变化形式(beingdone/havingbeendone)动词-ing形式的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言在意义上式被动的
7、。I’dliketohavealookattheanimalbeingoperatedon.在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作在进行，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生，我们可以用现在分词的被动形式。e.g.:Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwillbecompletedinthethreemonths.Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingcarriedoninourlab.在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作发生于谓语之前，我们可以用havingbeendone形式。也可以被过去分词代替。e.g.:
8、Havingbeenshownthelab,thevisitorlookedaroundthestadium.=Shownthelab,thevisitorlookedaroundthestadium.Grammar1&2Completethesentences
