美国岩土专业课笔记.doc

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1、Weight-Volumerelationships:Porosity:n=VJVVoidRatiovs.Porosity:n=VvfV=人/(匕+1/(VJVX+l)=l/(l/e+l)=e/(e+l)e=人/人=人/(V-Vv)=1/(刃人・1)=1/(1/介1)切(1切w=w^w^FF=totalweightofasoilmass%=weightofsoilsolids%,=wcightofwaterr+人F=totalvolumeofasoilmassFs=volumeofsoilsolidsKr^olumc

2、ofvoids^=volumeofwater«=vohmcofair1)VolumeRelations:VoidRatio:e=VJVsDegreeofsaturation:S(%)=dv)xl00Moisture(Water)content:W(%)=(^/^s)X100沪妙/(1+小2)Density(UnitWeight):Totaldensity:y=W/VDrydensity:y^wjvDensityofsolids:y^wjv.Unitweightofwater:yw=9.81kN/m3Totaldens

3、ityvs.Drydensity:y=W!K=(%x(1+W))/K=ydx(1+®)Specificgravityofsoilsolids:Gs=7s/)vDifferentClassificationSystems:Differentbasistoclassifysoils:a)Agriculturalclassification:A,B,orCHorizonsb)Geologicalorigin:Alluvial,glacial,colluvial,etc.c)Engineeringproperties:Sh

4、earstrength,permeabilityd)IndexProperties:Grainsize,AtterberglimitsSoilClassificationinCivilEngineeringMostpopularsoilclassificationsystems:a)AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials(AASHTO):usedmostlyinDoTsandFHWA(FederalHighwayAdministratio

5、n)b)UnifiedSoilClassificationSystem(USCS):USArmyCorpsofEngineers,USBureauofReclamation,ASTM(AmericanSocietyforTestingMaterial)andGeotechnicalpracticeBothsystemsrelyonIndexTests:1)GrainSizeDistribution(GSD):SieveanalysisandHydrometeranalysis2)Attcrberglimits:Pla

6、sticlimitandLiquidlimitSomecharactersoftwobasicsoiltypes:Granular/CohesionlessCohesiveTotalvolumeofvoidslowerhigherSizeofindividualvoidshigherlowerSpecificsurfacearealowerveryhighShapeequi-dimensionalplate-likeInter-particleforceslowtononehighMax.capillarypress

7、urelowtononehighTestingmethodsIn-situtestsIn-situandlabtestsDrainageconditionsdrained(exceptforseismicloading)undrained(exceptforlongterm)SoilStructure/Physico-chemicalAspectsMineralClassificationBasedonthenatureoftheatoms,mineralscanbeclassifiedin5maingroups:C

8、arbonates,Oxides,Hydrousoxides,PhosphatesandSilicates.AtomicStructureofclaymineralsAllclaymineralsarcmadeoftwodistinctbuildingblocks:tetrahedronsandoctahedrons・Thetetrahedro