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1、作业五：将下列段落翻译成中文HistoryofArtificialIntelligenceThefieldofArtificialIntelligence（AI）researchwasfoundedataconferenceonthecampusofDartmouthCollegeinthesummerof1956.Theattendees,includingJohnMcCarthy,MarvinMinsky,AllenNewellandHerbertSimon,becametheleadersofAIresearchforman
2、ydecades.Theyandtheirstudentswroteprogramsthatwere,tomostpeople,simplyastonishing:computersweresolvingwordproblemsinalgebra,provinglogicaltheoremsandspeakingEnglish.Bythemiddleofthe1960s,researchintheU.S.washeavilyfundedbytheDepartmentofDefenseandlaboratorieshadbeenes
3、tablishedaroundtheworld.AI'sfounderswereprofoundlyoptimisticaboutthefutureofthenewfield:HerbertSimonpredictedthat"machineswillbecapable,withintwentyyears,ofdoinganyworkamancando"andMarvinMinskyagreed,writingthat"withinageneration...theproblemofcreating'artificialintel
4、ligence'willsubstantiallybesolved".Theyhadfailedtorecognizethedifficultyofsomeoftheproblemstheyfaced.In1974,inresponsetothecriticismofEngland'sSirJamesLighthillandongoingpressurefromCongresstofundmoreproductiveprojects,theU.S.andBritishgovernmentscutoffallundirected,e
5、xploratoryresearchinAI.Thenextfewyears,whenfundingforprojectswashardtofind,wouldlaterbecalledan"AIwinter".Intheearly1980s,AIresearchwasrevivedbythecommercialsuccessofexpertsystems,aformofAIprogramthatsimulatedtheknowledgeandanalyticalskillsofoneormorehumanexperts.By19
6、85themarketforAIhadreachedoverabilliondollars.Atthesametime,Japan'sfifthgenerationcomputerprojectinspiredtheU.SandBritishgovernmentstorestorefundingforacademicresearchinthefield.However,beginningwiththecollapseoftheLispMachinemarketin1987,AIonceagainfellintodisrepute,
7、andasecond,longerlastingAIwinterbegan.Inthe1990sandearly21stcentury,AIachieveditsgreatestsuccesses.Artificialintelligenceisusedforlogistics,datamining,medicaldiagnosisandmanyotherareasthroughoutthetechnologyindustry.Thesuccesswasduetoseveralfactors:theincrediblepowero
8、fcomputerstoday,agreateremphasisonsolvingspecificsubproblems,thecreationofnewtiesbetweenAIandotherfieldsworkingonsimilarprob
