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1、VIRALIMMUNOLOGYInnateImmunityVolume23,Number5,2010ªMaryAnnLiebert,Inc.Pp.457466DOI:10.1089/vim.2010.0051PorcineReproductiveandRespiratorySyndromeVirusInducedImmunosuppressionExacerbatestheInflammatoryResponsetoPorcineRespiratoryCoronavirusinPigsGourapuraJ.R
2、enukaradhya,1,*KonstantinAlekseev,1,*KwonilJung,1YingFang,2andLindaJ.Saif1AbstractWeperformedacomprehensiveanalysisofinnateandadaptiveimmuneresponsesindual-virusinfectedpigstounderstandwhetherapre-existingimmunomodulatoryrespiratoryviralinfectionaffectsthe
3、overallimmunitytoasubsequentporcinerespiratorycoronavirus(PRCV)infectioninpigs.Pigswereeithermock-infectedorinfectedwithporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromevirus(PRRSV),avirusknowntocauseimmu-nosuppressiverespiratorydisease,andthenpigswereco-infectedw
4、ithPRCV,whichnormallycausessubclinicalrespiratoryinfection.Wecollectedsamplesforsixindependentexperimentsfrom178pigsthatwerealsousedforpathologicalstudies.WedetectedasignificantreductionininnateNK-cell-mediatedcytotoxicfunctioninPRRSV-infectedpigs,whichwass
5、ynergisticallyfurtherdecreasedinpigsco-infectedwithPRCV.Subsequently,inassociationwithclinicalsignsweobservedelevatedlevelsofproinflammatory(IL-6),Th-1(IL-12),andregulatory(IL-10andTGF-b)cytokines.IncreasedfrequenciesofCD4CD8double-positiveTlymphocytesandmy
6、eloidcells,inadditiontotheelevatedTh-1andproinflammatorycytokinesindual-infectedpigs,contributedtotheseverityoflungdiseaseinpigs.Theresultsofourstudyclarifyhoweachvirusmodulatesthehostinnateandadaptiveimmuneresponses,leadingtoinflammatoryreactionsandlungpath
7、ology.Thusmeasurementsofcytokinesandfrequenciesofimmunecellsmayserveasindicatorsoftheprogressionofrespiratoryviralco-infections,andprovidemoredefinitiveapproachesfortreatment.IntroductionWeusedaporcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromevirus(PRRSV)infectiont
8、ounderstandhowimmunemodu-Cytokinesarekeyregulatorsingoverningthehostlationinducedbyapriorrespiratoryviralpathogeninflu-defenseagainstpathogensandareproducedfollowingencesasubsequentporcinerespiratorycoronaviru
