冠状病毒Coronavirusl论文-2006 [Perspectives in Medical Virology] Emerging Viruses in Human Populations Volume 16 __ Severe Acute Respiratory Synd.pdf

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1、EmergingVirusesinHumanPopulations43EdwardTabor(Editor)r2007ElsevierB.V.AllrightsreservedDOI10.1016/S0168-7069(06)16004-8SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromeCoronavirus(SARS-CoV)TommyR.TongDepartmentofPathology,PrincessMargaretHospital,Laichikok,Kowloon,HongKon

2、g,ChinaSevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)causedbyacoronavirus(CoV),SARS-CoV,emergedintohumanpopulationsinsouthChina(Anon.,2003d;Peirisetal.,2003b,c;Poonetal.,2004a)frombats(Guanetal.,2003;Kanetal.,2005;Lauetal.,2005;Lietal.,2005d;Normile,2005)inlate200

3、2.Subsequently,SARS-CoVthathadadaptedtohumanscausedanepidemicin29countriesandregionstowhichithadbeencarriedbyairlinepassengers.TheepidemicwascontrolledbypublichealthmeasurescoordinatedbytheWHOandonJuly5,2003itwasof-ficiallydeclaredtohaveended.Becauseofthe

4、sepublichealthmeasures,apan-demicwasaverted(Enserink,2003b).Closeto10%ofthe8000personsinfectedinthisepidemicdied.Molecularstudiesdissectedtheadaptationofthisvirusasitjumpedfromanintermediaryanimal,thecivet,tohumans,givingusvaluableinsightsintoprocessesof

5、molecularemergence.Globalresearcheffortsarecon-tinuingtoincreaseourunderstandingofthevirus,thepathogenesisofthediseaseitcauses(SARS),the‘‘heterogeneityofindividualinfectiousness’’(describedbelow)aswellassheddinglightonhowtoprepareforotheremergingviraldis

6、eases.Promisingdrugsandvaccineshavebeenidentified.Themilestonesachievedhaveresultedfromatrulyinternationaleffort.ThebeginningoftheepidemicandtheidentificationofSARS-CoVTheepidemicbeganinGuangdongprovince,China,inlate2002.ItspreadtoHongKongonFebruary21,2003

7、,andfromtheretootherpartsoftheworld.Aweeklater,CarloUrbani(Reilleyetal.,2003),anItalianinfectiousdiseaseexpertwork-ingintheHanoi,Vietnam,officeoftheWHO,respondedtoapossibleavianinfluenzaalertfromFrenchHospital.Thatactionbyonemansetintomotiontheengagementof

8、theWHO,emergencymeasuresbytheVietnamesegovernment,andeventuallytheattentionoftheworld.InGeneva,WHOteammemberKlausSto¨hr44T.R.Tong(Stafford,2005)puttogetherandmaintainedanetworkof11microbiologylabo-ratoriesinninecountriesto