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1、ANTIOXIDANTS&REDOXSIGNALINGVolume9,Number8,2007©MaryAnnLiebert,Inc.DOI:10.1089/ars.2007.1639ComprehensiveInvitedReviewCellEntrybyEnvelopedViruses:RedoxConsiderationsforHIVandSARS-CoronavirusEMMANUELFENOUILLET,1RYMBARBOUCHE,1andIANM.JONES2ReviewingEditors
2、:KathleenClouse,KeijiKuba,Pei-HuangLiang,HajimeNakamura,andYee-JooTanI.Preamble:ProteinDisulfideIsomeraseandActivityattheCellSurface1010II.RedoxandHIVEntry1012A.Env,CD4,CXCR4/CCR51014B.PDIandHIVentry1015C.PDIinhibitorsblockHIVentryafterCD4binding1018D.PD
3、Imediatesreductionofgp1201019E.TargetingEnvreductiontotreatHIVinfection10201.InterferingwiththeenzymaticactivityofPDI10212.InterferingwiththePDI-CD4complex10213.RecognitionofEnvbyPDI1021F.Structurechangesandredox10221.Disulfidereductionandchangeswithinth
4、egp120domain10222.Disulfidereductionandchangeswithinthegp41domain10243.Disulfidereductionandgp120shedding1024III.RedoxandSARS-CoV1024A.TheSARS-CoVS-glycoprotein1025B.Sanddisulfides1025C.Treatment1028IV.Conclusions1028ABSTRACTForenvelopedviruses,genomeent
5、ryintothetargetcellinvolvestwomajorsteps:virionbindingtothecell-surfacereceptorandfusionofthevirionandcellmembranes.Virus–cellmembranefusionismediatedbythevirusenvelopecomplex,anditsfusogenicityistheresultofanactivevirus–cellinteractionprocessthatinduces
6、conformationchangeswithintheenvelope.Forsomeviruses,suchasinfluenza,exposuretoanacidicmilieuwithinthecellduringtheearlystepsofinfectiontriggersthenecessarystructuralchanges.However,forotherpathogenswhicharenotexposedtosuchenvironmentalstress,activationof
7、fusogenicitycanresultfrompre-cisethiol/disulfiderearrangementsmediatedbyeitheranendogenousredoxautocatalyticisomeraseoracell-associatedoxidoreductase.StudyoftheactivationofHIVenvelopefusogenicityhasrevealednewknowledgeabouthowredoxchangeswithinaviralenve
8、lopetriggerfusion.Wediscussthesefindingsandtheirimplica-tionforanti-HIVtherapy.Inaddition,tocompareandcontrastthesituationoutlinedforHIVwithanen-velopedvirusthatcanfusewiththecellplasmamembraneindependentoftheredoxstatusof
