美国高中化学酸碱反应 Acid-Base Reactions.ppt

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1、Acid-BaseReactionsCh.15Acid-BaseReactionsNeutralizationreactions中和反应pHischangedProduceasaltandH2OSaltsareioniccompounds2typesofAcidsStrongandWeak2typesofBasesStrongandWeak4possiblecombinationsofAcidsandBasesStrongA+StrongBStrongA+WeakBWeakB+StrongBWeakB+WeakAStrongAcid+StrongBaseHCl+NaOHNaCl+HOHD

2、oublereplacementreactionBothcompoundscompletelydissociateHClCl-+H+NaOHNa++OH-Completeequation(aq)canbewritten:H++Cl-+Na++OH-Cl-+Na++H2OSpectatorIonsIonsthatdonottakepartinthereactionNetIonicEquations净离子方程式1)WriteCompleteIonicEquationAllsolublecompoundsareshownasfreeions2)RemoveSpectatorIonsIonsn

3、otdirectlyevolvedintherxn.3)Balancetheremainingrxn.StrongAcid+StrongBaseWhatisthenetionicequation:HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)1)H+(aq)+Cl-(aq)+Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)Cl-(aq)+Na+(aq)+H2O(aq)2)H+(aq)+OH-(aq)H2O(l)AllstrongacidandstrongbasereactionshavethisasabasenetionicequationKOH(aq)+HNO3(aq)KNO3(aq)+H2O(l)K++OH-+H

4、++NO3-K++NO3-+H2O(l)OH-+H++H2O(l)StrongAcid+WeakBaseHCl(aq)+Al(OH)3(s)WeakbaseswontcompletelydissociateCannotwritethemasionsonreactionsideofnetionicequationH+(aq)+Cl-(aq)+Al(OH)3(s)Al+3(aq)+Cl-(aq)+H2O(l)H+(aq)+Al(OH)3(s)Al+3(aq)+H2O(l)EndsolutionisslightlyacidicWhataboutNH3?Consideredaweakbase

5、buthasnoOH-DoesnotproducewaterHCl(aq)+NH3(aq)NH4Cl(aq)H+(aq)+Cl-(aq)+NH3(aq)NH4++Cl-(aq)H+(aq))+NH3(aq)NH4+WeakAcid+StrongBaseHC2H3O2(aq)+NaOH(aq)WeakacidwontcompletelydissociateWontbreakdownintoionsonreactionsideHC2H3O2(aq)+Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)Na+(aq)+C2H3O2-(aq)+H2O(l)HC2H3O2(aq)+OH-(aq)C2H3O2-(a

6、q)+H2O(l)EndsolutionisslightlybasicWeakAcid+WeakBase???Notclear???BoththeacidandbasearesounreactivethereislittlechangeNotcommonreactiontypeinnatureBronsted-LoweryAcidsandBasesAcidsproduceH+ionswhenaddedtowaterBasesproduceOH-ionswhenaddedtowaterHCl(aq)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+Cl-(aq)H2O(l)+NH3(aq)NH4+(aq)+

7、OH-(aq)Acid=AnycompoundthatreleasesH+Base=AnycompoundthattakesH+WatercanactasanacidorabaseConjugateAcid/BaseWeakacidorbaseproducedfromanacid-basereactionACIDBASEACIDBASEConjugateacidConjugateacidConjugateba