2、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如: ¡ The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) ¡ We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) ¡ One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is finve.(数词) ¡ The blind need more hel
3、p.(名词化的形容词) ¡ It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) ¡ Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) ¡ 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 .2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助
4、动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: ¡ 由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. ¡ 情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. ¡ 助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3
5、.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如: ¡ They are workers.(名词) ¡ Two and three is five.(数词) ¡ The story is very interesting.(形容词) ¡ M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) ¡ She is at
6、 home.(介词短语) ¡ I feel terrible.(形容词) ¡ The dish tastes delicious.(形容词) ¡ He is here (副词) ¡ It‟s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. (形容词) 初中英语句子成份 英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析
7、、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当? 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如: ¡ The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English song
8、s.(名词) ¡ We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) ¡ One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is finve.(数词) ¡ The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) ¡ It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) ¡ Eating too much is