轻型木结构构造细节2.ppt

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CanadaWoodLevel1-Wood-FrameConstructionConstructionDetailsHerbertOtto,B.Arch.,MRAIC FoamBoardSheathingAirBarriersExtrudedpolystyreneorfacedfoamboardinsulatedsheathingssealedatalljointsandpenetrationsandsealedtoceilingandfoundationairbarriersSealingoptionsGasketsUrethanesprayfoamCompatibledurabletapeMusttieintoceilingandfoundationairbarriers FoamBoardSheathingAirBarrierMaterialsExtrudedpolystyrenefoamboardFoilfacedpolyisofoamboardinsulationFoamedpolyethylenesillgasketAluminumfoiltapewithacrylicadhesiveContractor’ssheathingtapeorpeelandsticktapeNailswithlargeplasticwashers FoamBoardSheathingAirBarriersGasketedjointSillgasketstapledtowoodframingatjointlocationShiplapXPSnailedatjointintowoodframingcompressinggasketGasketsealsusedatroughopeningsandwindowanddoorframessealedwithsprayfoamFoamboardsealedtowalltopandbottomplatesforconnectiontofoundationandceilingairbarrier FoamBoardSheathingAirBarriersProvidesadditionalinsulationvaluetothewallassemblyReducesthermalbridgingthroughframingIfthefoamboardhasalowwatervapourpermeabilitywithoutcavityinsulationthiswallassemblycanbeusedsafelyinanyclimateintheworld.Tapedfoamboardsheathingairbarrier AirBarrierandVapourBarriersbyClimateClimatesrequiringheatingthemajorityoftheyear.AirbarrierlocationCanbelocatedanywhereintheassemblyifvapourpermeableIfvapourimpermeablemustbelocatedonortowardsthewarmsideoftheinsulationVapourBarrierMustbelocatedonortowardsthewarmsideoftheinsulationInmostcoldclimatesmaybelocatedpartiallyinsidewallwith2/3oftheinsulationoutsidethevapourbarrierInarcticregions4/5’softheinsulationmustbeplacedoutsidethevapourbarrier.2/31/3PossibleAirBarrierLocationsPossibleVapourBarrierLocationsOutsideInsideCladdingWRBSheathingInsulationInteriorFinishDrainage/VentilationPlane AirBarrierandVapourBarriersbyClimateMixedclimatesrequiringheatinginthewinterandcoolinginthesummerAirbarrierlocationCanbelocatedanywhereintheassemblyifvapourpermeableIfvapourimpermeablemustbelocatedatthecentreofthewallVapourBarrierMustbelocatedatthecentreofthewallInteriorandexteriorfinishesvapourpermeabletoallowdryingtooutsideinwinterandinsideinsummerPossibleAirBarrierLocationsVapourBarrierLocation1/21/2OutsideInsideCladdingWRBSheathingInsulationInteriorFinishDrainage/VentilationPlane AirBarrierandVapourBarriersbyClimateMixedclimatesrequiringheatinginthewinterandcoolinginthesummerAirbarrierlocationCanbelocatedanywhereintheassemblyifvapourpermeableIfvapourimpermeablemustbelocatedatthecentreofthewallVapourBarrierMustbelocatedatthecentreofthewall.Inthisexamplethevapourbarriercanbeprovidedbyalowpermeancefoamboardinsulation(XPSorfoilfacedurethane)orawaterproofWRBwillactasthevapourbarrierInteriorandexteriorfinishesvapourpermeabletoallowdryingtooutsideinwinterandinsideinsummerPossibleAirBarrierLocationsVapourBarrierLocationsOutsideInsideCladdingWRBLowpermfoamboardjointstapedSheathingInsulationInteriorFinishDrainage/VentilationPlane AirBarrierandVapourBarriersbyClimateHothumidclimatesrequiringcoolingallyearAirbarrierlocationCanbelocatedanywhereintheassemblyifvapourpermeableIfvapourimpermeablemustbelocatedattheoutsideofthewallVapourBarrierMustbelocatedattheoutsideofthewallInteriorfinishvapourpermeabletoallowdryingtoinsidePossibleAirBarrierLocationsVapourBarrierLocationOutsideInsideCladdingWRBSheathingInsulationInteriorFinishDrainage/VentilationPlane AirBarrierandVapourBarriersbyClimateAllclimatesAirbarrierlocationCanbelocatedanywhereintheassemblyifvapourpermeableIfvapourimpermeablemustbeformedbythelowpermeancefoamboardinsulationVapourBarrierProvidedbylowpermfoamboardinsulationInteriorfinishvapourpermeabletoallowdryingtoinsidePossibleAirBarrierLocationsVapourBarrierLocationOutsideInsideCladdingWRBLowPermFoamBoardJointsTapedSheathingInteriorFinishDrainage/VentilationPlane RainScreenCladdingspacedoutfromWRBtypicallyby12mmto19mm(1/2”to¾”)andlargerinthecaseofbrickveneer.Crosscavityflashingsprovidedatallwallopenings,penetrationsandatfloorlines.ProvidescapillarybreakbetweenbackofcladdingandWRBProvidesadrainageplanetoredirectwaterbackoutofthewallthathaspenetratedthecladding.IfventedtopandbottomcanenhancedryingofthewallassemblyIncombinationwithWRBwillresistreversevapourdrive.WRBshingleddownfaceofsheathingoverlappingflashingsbelowCapillarybreakCrosscavityflashingFloorlinecrosscavityflashing RainScreenConstructionBreatherweatherresistantbarrier(WRB).Typicallyusedincoldandmixedclimates.HousewrapBuildingpaperAppliedhorizontallyfrombottomtotoptoallowupperlayertolapoverlowerlayer(shingle).MustalsoshingleoverallflashingstoensuredrainageWRBstapledtosheathingandhousewraptypicallytapedatjointsBuildingpaperappliedtoprovidedoublethicknessoverentirewall.Ifouterlayerbecomessaturatedinnerlayeractsasaseparator.30minutebuildingpaperHeadflashingwithenddamHousewrap RainScreenConstructionWaterproofWRBcanbeusedinanyclimatedependingonthelocationoftheinsulation.WillalsoactasavapourbarriersomustbekeptabovethedewpointofthesurroundingairPeelandstickSBSLiquidappliedelastomericmembraneIncoldclimatemustalwaysbeinsulatedontheoutsideInmixedclimatelocatedinthecentreofthewallInhothumidclimateappliedtotheexteriorofaninsulatedwallPeelandstickWRBoverstructuralsheathingWRBInsulationDrainageplaneColdclimatewaterproofWRBapplication RainScreenConstructionCavityconstruction12mm(1/2”)thickpressuretreatedplywoodstripsappliedverticallyoverWRBat300mmto400mm(12“to16”)spacing19mmx38mm(1x2)or19mmx89mm(1x4)pressuretreatedverticalfiringat300mmto400mm(12“to16”)FastenedwithhotdippedgalvanizednailsorstainlesssteelnailsVerticalstrappinghasgapoverrimjoistareatoaccountforframingshrinkage RainScreenConstructionCavityconstructionCedarShinglesOpenplasticmesh“cedarbreather”providesventilationanddrainageplane.Alternatehorizontalandverticalstrapping RainScreenConstructionWindowinstallationsequencingRoughopeningSlopedorsteppedsillnailedinplaceandallcornersairsealedSilllinedwithbuildingpapercarryupjamJamblinedwithbuildingpaper1234 RainScreenConstructionLineheadwithbuildingpaperPlacepeelandstickonsillPlacepeelandstick200mm(8”)upjamSealcornerwithdartofpeelandstickorpreformedcornerpiece5678 RainScreenConstructionWindowinstalledandanchoredtoroughopening.Windowframeairsealedtoroughopeningwithsealantandbackerrodorfoam.Providefordrainageatbaseofwindow.HeadflashingwithenddamsinstalledoverwindowandWRBcarriedupsideofwindowframeWRBappliedoverheadflashingandinsectscreenstapledinplace.Vertical12mmto19mm(1/2”to¾”)thickstrappinginstalledoverWRBandcladdinginstalledonstrapping.9101112 RainScreenConstructionExteriorsupplyorexhausthoodTightfittingholecutinsheathingWRBstapledtosheathingandcutoutaroundopeningBackerboardwithtightfittingholenailedinlineandflushtoinsidefaceofstudsEPDMsheetwithundersizedholestapledtosheathingoverWRB.Hoodwithtailpipeturnedupandtapedwithaluminumfoiltape1234 RainScreenConstructionHoodpushedthroughEPDMgasketandanchoredtobackerboardUpperlayerofWRBinstalledandstapledtosheathingVerticalpreservativetreatedstrappingnailedtosheathingandstud.Claddingappliedtostrapping5678 ContinuousairbarrierpreventscondensationVentingofspaceaboveinsulationallowsdryingVentareaequal1/300ofinsulatedceilingarea.Minimumclearanceaboveinsulationforventilation38mm(11/2”)CoverceilingjoistswithinsulationtopreventthermalbridgingRaisedheeltrussormodifiedrafterframingtoallowfulldepthinsulationtoexteriorwall.IceandwatershieldatbaseofrooftoprotectfromwaterentryduetoicedammingSoffitventIceandwatershieldAtticRoofAssembliesforColdClimates CathedralRoofAssembliesforColdClimatesInsulationplacedbetweentheraftersContinuousairbarrierpreventscondensation76mm(3”)ofventingaboveinsulationApproximately50%ofventingatthesoffitand50%atthepeak. FlatRoofAssembliesforColdClimatesInsulationbeneathroofsheathingContinuousairbarrierVentingofspaceaboveinsulationrequiredtoallowdrying1/150ofinsulatedceilingareainventsequallydistributedSlopeminimumof1in6toensurenostandingwaterInsulationoverroofsheathingReducesthermalbridgingEliminatesneedforcavityventilationFoamcanbeslopedtosimplifystructure FlatRoofAssembliesforColdClimatesInvertedroofFoamboardinsulationplacedondrainagematonroofingmembrane.Insulationhelddownbyrockorconcretepaverballast.ProtectstheroofingmembranefromsunlightandfreezethawcyclesextendinglifeEliminatestheneedforroofcavityventilation AtticRoofAssembliesforMixedClimatesContinuousairbarrierrequiredtopreventcondensationinwinterandsummerVentingofspaceaboveinsulationrequiredtoallowdryingofconstructionmoistureLowpermeancefoamboardinsulationplacedonundersideofrooftrussestopreventcoolinginthesummercausingcondensation.Raisedheeltrussusedtocarryfulldepthinsulationtoexteriorwall. CathedralRoofAssembliesforMixedClimatesInsulationplacedbetweentheraftersContinuousairbarriercondensationsummerandwinterLowpermeancefoamboardinsulationplacedonundersideofrafterssummercondensation.VentingaboveinsulationtoallowfordryingfromconstructionmoistureApproximately50%ofventingatthesoffitand50%atthepeak. FlatRoofAssembliesforMixedClimatesInsulationbeneathroofsheathingContinuousairbarriertopreventcondensationsummerandwinterLowpermeancefoamboardinsulationpreventscondensationinthesummerVentingofspaceaboveinsulationrequiredtoallowdryingofconstructionmoistureVentareaequal1/150ofinsulatedceilingareawithventsequallydistributedSlopeminimumof1in6toensurenostandingwater FlatRoofAssembliesforMixedClimatesInsulationoverroofsheathingRoofsheathingformsairbarrierFoaminsulationeliminatesthermalbridgingEliminatesneedforcavityventilationFoamcanbeslopedtosimplifystructureInvertedroofFoamboardinsulationplacedondrainagematonroofingmembrane..ProtectstheroofingmembranefromsunlightandfreezethawcyclesextendinglifeEliminatestheneedforroofcavityventilation AtticRoofAssembliesforHotHumidClimatesAtticspacenotventedtoexteriorandspaceconditionedLowpermeancefoamboardandroofsheathingformingair/vapourbarrier.Exteriorlowpermeancefoamboardinsulatedwallsheathingcarriedupandairsealedtoundersideofroofsheathing. CathedralRoofAssemblyforHotHumidClimatesLowpermeancefoamboardandroofsheathingformingair/vapourbarrier.Exteriorlowpermeancefoamboardinsulatedwallsheathingcarriedupandairsealedtoundersideofroofsheathing. FlatRoofAssembliesforHotHumidClimatesInsulationoverroofsheathingRoofsheathingformsairbarrierFoaminsulationeliminatesthermalbridgingEliminatesneedforcavityventilationFoamcanbeslopedtosimplifystructureInvertedroofFoamboardinsulationplacedondrainagematonroofingmembrane.ProtectstheroofingmembranefromsunlightandfreezethawcyclesextendinglifeEliminatestheneedforroofcavityventilation RadiantBarrierReducedradiantheattransferRadiantheattransferRadiantBarriersRadiantbarrierisashinysurface,usuallyaluminumfoil,thatisapooremitterofheat.WhenincorporatedinaroofassemblyandexposedtoanopenspacecanreducetheradianttransferofheatfromtheundersideoftheroofsheathingtotheceilingbelowTypicallyinstalledontheundersideofroofsheathingfacingdown. RadiantBarriersKraftpaperbackedaluminumfoilstapledtotheundersideoftheroofsheathingRoofsheathingwithaluminumfoilbondedtotheundersideKraftpaperbackedaluminumfoilstapledtotheundersideoftheraftersChoppedaluminizedmylarsprayedovertopofinsulationPossiblelocationsforradiantbarriers RoofingMaterialsAwiderangeofroofingmaterialsareusedwithwoodframeconstructionincludingAsphaltshinglesMetalroofingRolledroofingCedarshinglesCedarshakesClaytilesConcretetilesRoofconstructionmayrequiremodificationifheavierroofingmaterialssuchasconcretetileorclaytileareused.Roofsheathingandunderlayischosentosuitroofing. RoofingMaterialsAsphaltshinglesBitumenwithfiberglassreinforcingandmineralcoatingMostwidelyusedroofingAvailableinrangeofcolours15to20yearlifeNaileddirectlytosheathingForhighwindlocationsinterlockingshinglesareusedIncoldclimatesrainandiceshieldusedatbaseofroof RoofingMaterialsCedarshinglesHavebeenusedsuccessfullyformanyyearsinCanadaShinglesaretapersawnwithsmoothfaceShouldonlybeusedonroofswithslopeof1:3orgreaterCanbeappliedoverskipsheathingorplywoodpanelsheathingRequireswaterandiceshieldatbaseofroofAvailablewithfireretardanttreatments RoofingMaterialsCedarshakesShakescanhaveparallelfacesandaresplitfromashortlog.ShakescanberesawntohaveataperedshapeandsmoothbackCanbetreatedwithfireretardantCanbeappliedoverskipsheathingorplywoodpanelsheathingRoofingfeltinterlayplacedbetweenshakes RoofingMaterialsMetalRoofingRollformedpre-paintedmetalroofingmetalroofingwidelyusedMethodsofjoiningmustaccountforlargecoefficientofexpansionTypicallyinstalledonplywoodsheathingcoveredwitharoofingfeltorpeelandstickmembraneMetalroofsystemsthatuseconcealedfastenersandstandingseamjointswillprovidethebestserviceCapstripMetalroofClipFastenerRoofingmembraneRoofingmembraneFastener GreenRoofsRoofswithlayerofculturedvegetationonshallowgrowingmediumTypicallyaflatorlowslopingroofPlantsmustbeselectedforlocalconditions,rootdepthanddurabilityProprietarysystemsavailableVegetationprovidesprotectionfortheroofingmembranebutlittleinsulatingvalueCanreducecoolingloadsbyreflectionandevaporationReducesheatislandeffectinurbanareasCanretainwaterreducingshorttermloadingonstormsewersRoofstructuremustaccountforadditionalloadsandmustbeinsulated. SummaryWoodframeconstructionhasthefollowingbenefitsShortconstructiontimeCompetitivecostEnergyefficiencyHighlevelofoccupantcomfortLongtermdurabilityFlexibilityofdesignEaseofrenovation