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1、Exercisesa)Alittleplancrashedintoahill,___all5peopleinit.A.killedB.tokillC.killingD.beingkilledb)Hehurriedtothehotelonly___theticketshadbeensoldout.A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tobetoldCDExercisesc)Footballisplayedinmorethan80countries,______(make)itapopularsport.d)Hewokeuponly________(fin
2、d)himselfinahospital.makingtofind独立主格结构和with/without复合结构一.独立主格结构1.概念:状语有时可以由一个名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构担任,称为独立主格结构。2.结构:名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。这一结构在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。(Ⅰ)名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词)当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。1.Thisproblemsettled,theyl
3、eftthemeeting–room.2.Timepermitting,we`llgothereonfoot.3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead.(Ⅱ)名词/代词+(being)形容词Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.2.Heenteredthehouse,hisnoseredwithcold.(Ⅲ)名词/代词+(being)副词Heputonhissocks,wrongsideout.(Ⅳ)名词/代词+不定式1.Isendyou100do
4、llarstoday,therest__inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.Herearethefirsttwovolumes(卷),thethirdonetocomeout.(Ⅴ)名词/代词+介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词,这些名词前习惯不用冠词。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.2.(a)Flagon(the)shoulder(s),thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountai
5、n3.Hewaswaiting,hiseyesonherback.他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词,仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语的词或词组,省去的分词一般是being或havingbeen,这是为了简练。但在“being+过去分词”或“therebeing+过去分词”结构中,being不可省。1.Breakfast(being)over,hewenttoschool.2.Therebeingnocauseforalarm,shewentbacktoherroom.3.Theroombeingpaintednow,wecan'
6、tgothere.二.With和without复合结构with和without复合结构是:with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。(Ⅰ)with/without+名词/代词+现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名词/代词+过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。In
7、theread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix(Ⅲ)with/without+名词/代词+不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled(Ⅳ)with/without+名词/代词+形容词。Shesleepsw