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1、拼音Pinyin1汉语拼音ChinesePīnyīnFunction:JustlikethephoneticalphabetsinEnglish,PīnyīnhelpsustoreadChinesewords.Formation:Initials声母shēngmǔFinals韵母yùnmǔTones声调shēngdiàoe.g.你(you)n-i-ˇnǐ好(good,fine)h-ao-ˇhǎo2声调shēngdiàoTheChineseputonghuahasfourbasictones.Theyareshownbythetone-mark
2、s:ˉ(the1sttone),ˊ(the2ndtone),ˇ(the3rdtone),ˋ(the4thtone).Differenttonesmayexpressdifferentmeanings.3aoeiuüdānyùnmǔ单韵母：simplefinals456声调shēngdiào1.Thetone-markshouldbeplacedoverthevowels,eg:nǐ,gē,bà2.Whenatone-markisplacedabovethevoweli,thedotoveritmustbeleftout,eg:bǐ,wénji
3、ànjiá3.Acompoundfinalcarriestwoormorevowels,thetone-markisplacedoverthevowelwhichpronouncedwiththemouthopeningwiderandlouder,usuallya,o,e,eg:lái,piào,dōu7声调shēngdiào轻声（theNeutralTone)EveryChinesecharacterinChinesePutonghuahasitsspecifictone.Butsometimes,inawordorasentenceso
4、mesyllableslosetheiroriginaltonesandbecomeweakandshort,thereforeitiscalledtheneutraltone.Theneutraltonesyllablesareshownbytheabsenceofthetone-mark,forexample:Bàba爸爸（father,dad)māma妈妈（mother,mum)8声母shēngmǔConsonants,21Whenusedasinitials,thefollowingconsonantsarepronouncedrou
5、ghlythesameastheyareinEnglish.bpmfdtnlgkhjs9声母shēngmǔConsonants,21Whenusedasinitials,thefollowingconsonantsarepronouncedquitedifferentlyfromwhattheyareinEnglish.qxzczhchshr10声母shēngmǔConsonants,21声母有21个：bpmfdtnl玻坡摸佛的特讷勒gkhjqx哥科喝基欺希zhchshrzcs知吃诗日资雌思11声母shēngmǔConsonants,21在每
6、个本音（清音、浊音）后面配上不同的元音，这样发出的响亮声音就叫做声母的读音。b玻（bo）p坡（po）m摸（mo）f佛（fo）d的（de）t特（特）n讷（ne）l勒（le）g哥（ge）k科（ke）h喝（he）j基（ji）q欺（qi）x希（xi）zh知（zhi）ch吃（chi）sh诗（shi）r日（ri）z资（zi）c雌（ci）s思（si）这就是汉语的声母发音和拉丁字母（英语字母）辅音发音的重要区别。12声母shēngmǔbbōluó菠萝(pineapple)bàba爸爸(dad)bù不(no)(similarwithbinBrotherbutn
7、obuffofbreath)13声母shēngmǔPpǎobù跑步（running,run)(similartopinportpieButshouldbemorearticulatedwithmoreaspiration)14声母shēngmǔmmāmā妈妈（mum)mǎi买（buy)（sameasminmanmug)15声母shēngmǔfchīfàn吃饭（eating)fēng风（wind)(samewithfinfromfar)16声母shēngmǔddà大（big,huge）dìdi弟弟（youngerbrother)(similar
8、withdindogdustbutnopuffofbreath)17声母shēngmǔttàiyáng太阳（sun)tèbié特别（verymuch)(simila
