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1、NonlinearFiniteElementMethodsPeterWriggersNonlinearFiniteElementMethods123Prof.Dr.PeterWriggersLeibnizUniversitatHannover¨Fakultatf¨urMaschinenbau¨InstitutfurKontinuumsmechanik¨Appelstr.1130167HannoverGermanywriggers@ikm.uni-hannover.deISBN:978-3-540-71000-4e-ISBN
2、:978-3-540-71001-1LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008933297c2008Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergThisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recita
3、tion,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.DuplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringe
4、r.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandtheref
5、orefreeforgeneraluse.Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH,HeidelbergPrintedonacid-freepaper987654321springer.comPrefaceDuringthelastdecade,themethodoffiniteelements(FEM)hasproventobeauniversaltoolfortheanalysisofcomplexstructuresinengineer-ing.Withincreasingcomputingpower,diff
6、erentnonlinearproblemscanbetreatednowadays.Thisbookdescribes,besidesthephysicalandmathematicalbackgroundofthefiniteelementmethod,specialdiscretizationtechniquesandalgorithmswhichhavetobeappliedfornonlinearproblemsofsolidmechanics.Thisin-cludesthenecessarybasicsofco
7、ntinuummechanics,constitutiveequationsforengineeringmaterialsandvariationalprinciplesaswellasthematrixfor-mulationofFEMwithrespecttodifferentconfigurationsandthedevelopmentofalgorithmsforthesolutionoftheresultingnonlinearalgebraicequationsystems.Furthermore,timedepe
8、ndentproblemsarediscussedfornonlin-eardynamicalsystemsandconstitutiveequations.Sincenonlinearproblemsexhibitsingularitiesalsoformulationsareincludedwhic