分子生化进化和系统发生树Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics.pdf

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1、EVOLUTIONMOLECULAREVOLUTIONMOLECULAREVOLUTIONANDPHYLOGENETICTREEDepartmentofCellBiologyandGeneticsDepartmentofCellBiologyandGeneticsKunmingMedicalUniversity思考题•简述系统发生树(phylogenetictree)的构建步骤，以及其应用？Alarggyeamountofdiversity((ca.2000species))evolvedinashortperiod(<500,000ye

2、ars)inGreatAfricanRiftLakesintheabsenceofgeographicalbarriers…TOPIC•Applicationofthephylogenetictree•ConceptofthephylogenetictreeConceptofthephylogenetictree•Constructionofthephylogenetictree•EvaluationofthephylogenetictreeWhousesphylogeneticsWhousesphylogenetics•Systemat

3、ists(e.g.classificationofgroups)•Evolutionarybiologists(e.g.reconstructingtreeoflife)•Anthropologists(e.g.originofhumanpopulations)•Forensicscientist(e.g.transmissionofHIVvirustoarapevictim)•Parasitologists(e.g.phylogenyofparasites,co-evolution)•Epidemiologists(e.g.recons

4、tructionofdiseasetransmission)•Genomics/Proteomics(e.g.homologycomparisonofnewproteins)SystematistsTheTreeofLifeTheTreeofLifeEvolutionarybiologistsOriginofOriginofcichlidsinLakeMalawicichlidsinLakeMalawiOriginofOriginofHomoSapiensHomoSapiensOrangutanGorillaChimpanzeeHuman

5、FromtheTreeoftheLifeWebsite,UniversityofArizonaAnthropologistsReconstructionofReconstructionofHumanMigrationHumanMigrationMolecularClocksOutgroupSpecies1Species2Species35MYSpecies42MY1MY•Bestappliedwhendatesavailableformultiplenodes.•Canutilizesolidgeologicalinformationas

6、wellasfossilCanutilizesolidgeologicalinformationaswellasfossilinformation.•MustbeawareofpossiblenonMustbeawareofpossiblenon-clockbehaviorofgenesclockbehaviorofgenes.EpidemiologistsReconstructionofDiseaseTransmission•SARSParasitologistsHost-Parasitecoevolution/co-speciatio

7、nCarnivoranstrainsArtiodactylstrainsEtheringtonetal.(J.GenVirol,2006)Calicivirusesinfectdiversemammalianhosts,andincludeNorovirus,themajorcauseoffoodthemajorcauseoffood-borneviralgastroenteritisinhumans.borneviralgastroenteritisinhumans.Hostswitchingbycalicivirusesisrare,

8、althoughpigshavestrainsfromco-speciti(tidtlti)dhtithi(iation(artiodactylstrain)andhostswitching(