后期维特根斯坦-语言游戏说-家族相似-私人语言later wittgenstein-language game-private language.ppt

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1、Language-gamesandPrivateLanguageTheLaterWittgensteinWeitherWhatarewegoingtotalkabout?TransitionoftheLaterWittgensteinLanguage-gamesPrivateLanguageFramework1.1AbriefhistoryofthelaterWittgenstein1919.8-1929Austria1929-1935Cambrige1935-1938SovietUnion,N

2、orway1939-1947WorldwarⅡ1947-1951Ireland,US“TellthemIhavehadawonderfullife.”1、TransitionoftheLaterWittgenstein1.2CritiqueofTractatusWorldandlanguageMeaningandusephilosophy1、TransitionoftheLaterWittgenstein1.3SimilaritiesHeisfocusonhowtoexpressthoughts

3、PhilosophyisunderstoodasakindofactivityWaytodealwithPhilosophicalproblemsOthers1、TransitionoftheLaterWittgenstein2.1backgroundtheoryoflanguage-games2.1.1formoflife“Heretheterm"language-game"ismeanttobringintoprominencethefactthatthespeakingoflanguage

4、ispartofanactivity,orofaformoflife.”(PI23)Language-gamestheoryisbasedon“formoflife”.2、Language-games2.1.2meaninganduse“Foralargeclassofcases—thoughnotforall—inwhichweemploytheword"meaning"itcanbedefinedthus:themeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguage.”(PI

5、43)“Meaningisuse”giveswaytoanemphasisonthediversityofuses.2、Language-games2.2whatlanguage-gameis?“Inthepracticeoftheuseoflanguage(2)onepartycallsoutthewords,theotheractsonthem.Ininstructioninthelanguagethefollowingprocesswilloccur:thelearnernamestheo

6、bjects;thatis,heuttersthewordwhentheteacherpointstothestone.—Andtherewillbethisstillsimplerexercise:thepupilrepeatsthewordsaftertheteacher——bothofthesebeingprocessesresemblinglanguage.”“Andtheprocessesofnamingthestonesandofrepeatingwordsaftersomeonem

7、ightalsobecalledlanguage-games.Thinkofmuchoftheuseofwordsingameslikering-a-ring-a-roses.”“Ishallalsocallthewhole,consistingoflanguageandtheactionsintowhichitiswoven,the"language-game".”(PI7)2、Language-gamesInsummaryWittgensteinusestheterm“languagegam

8、es”tomean:languageismadeupofvarious“games”whichhavetheirownrulesthe“speaking”oflanguageispartofanactorpartofformoflife.Tounderstandthemeaningofwordsonenotonlyneedstoknowtheconventionalusageofthembutalsotopayattentiontotheirpragmaticuse.2、Language-gam