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1、NelsonMandelaNelsonMandelawasborninTranskei,(特兰斯凯)SouthAfricaonJuly18,1918.HisfatherwasaChief(酋长)ofatribe.Mandelahasstrongcharacterevenfromhewasachildandheadvocatesnationalherovueymuch.Astheoldestsoninhisfamily,Mandelawasappointedasthesuccessorofthetribe,butherefusedthat.Hesaidhewouldneveradomi
2、nateatribe,whichwasunderoppressed,withacheifidentify.Hewantedtothrowhimselfintothecareerofthenationalliberation.MandelahimselfwaseducatedatUniversityCollegeofFortHareandtheUniversityofWitwatersrand(威特沃特斯兰德大学)andqualifiedinlawin1942.HejoinedtheAfricanNationalCongress(非洲人国民大会简称ANC)in1944andwaseng
3、agedinresistanceagainsttherulingNationalParty‘sapartheidpolicies(种族隔离政策)after1948.AfterthebanningoftheANCin1960,MandelaarguedforthesettingupofamilitarywingwithintheANC.InJune1961,hebecamethecommander(总司令)ofthemilitaryorganization.Becauseofhispoliticalactivity,hewentontrialfortreason(叛国罪)in1956-
4、1961.In1962,mandelawasarrestedandsentencedtofiveyears'imprisonmentwithhardlabour.In1963,whenmanyfellowleadersoftheANCandthemilitaryorganizationwerearrested,Mandelawasbroughttostandtrialwiththemforplotting(密谋)tooverthrowthegovernmentbyviolence.Hisstatementfromthedock(被告席)receivedconsiderableinte
5、rnationalpublicity.OnJune12,1964,mandelawassentencedtolifeimprisonment(终身监禁).From1964to1982,hewasincarcerated(关押)atRobbenIslandprison,offcapeTown;thereafter,hewasatpollsmoorprison,nearbyonthemainland.Hestayedintheprisonfor27yeasandheconsistentlyrefusedtocompromisewithhispoliticalpositiontoobtai
6、nhisfreedom.Becauseheneverchanghisstrongmind,whichistobuildannew,equalandfreeSouthAfrica.Duringhisyearsinprison,mandela'sreputationgrewsteady.Hebecameapotentsymbolofresistanceastheanti-apartheidmovement.Atlast,hewasreleasedonFebruary18,1990.Afterhisrelease,heplungedhimselfintohislife'scareer.In
7、1991,atthefirstnationalconferenceoftheANCheldinsideSouthAfrica,hewaselectedPresidentoftheANC.In1994,theANCwonthegeneralelection,mandelabecamethefirstBlackPresidentinthehistoryofSouthAfrica.Inhislifetime,hewonnearly100awards.In1993