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1、实用物流专业英语主编李卫平张 虹DistributionPartIAnIntroductiontoDistributionPartIISampleCommunicationsPartIIIPracticalReadingsPartIAnIntroductiontoDistributionDistributioninsupplychain,fromthepointofmaterialflow,meansthedistributionofabunchofgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.Itcanbefactorytofranchiser,fra
2、nchisertoretailer,orretailertoendcustomer.Inthisdistributiveprocess,eachunitpassestheproductdownthechaintothenextorganization,beforeitfinallyreachestheend-user.在供应链中，从实体物流的角度看，配送是指将一批货物从一个地方运至另一个或几个地方的活动。可以是从工厂到经销商，经销商到零售商，或零售商到终端客户。在配送过程中，每个单元将货物传递给链条上的下一个组织，直至货物抵达最终用户。PartIAnIntrod
3、uctiontoDistributionFromthepointofcommercialflow,suchasinternationaltrade,distributionchannelsarethemarketingroutesthataproductfollowstoflowfromtheseller(exporter)tothebuyer(importer).Fromthepointoftheseller,themoreintermediaries,thelongerdistributionschannelwhichwillaffecttheprofits
4、.However,thedirectmarketinginmanycountriescouldbeverydifficultandextremelyexpensive.“Hence,thereisalwaysatradeoffbetweencostsandbenefitsofemployingintermediaries(suchasfranchiser)insteadofconductingtheirownsale ,andofcontinuouslymonitoringthesituation.从商流的角度看，如国际贸易，分销渠道是商业流通中，商品从销售方（
5、出口方）至买方（进口方）。从销售方的角度看，中间商越多，配送的渠道就会越长，会影响利润。然而，在许多国家，直接营销很难并且非常昂贵。所以，需要在选择使用更多的中间商（如经销商）来替代他们自己的直销时，不断的，并且替代持续监控的这一状态情况，才能达到权衡成本和利润的目的。PartIAnIntroductiontoDistributionThelongerthedistributionchannel,thegreaterthenumberofintermediaries—resultinginlessprofitaccruingtotheseller.Tochoos
6、ethebestfitdistributionchannel,sellerscanusethefollowingcriteriatodeterminethelengthoftheirdistributionchannels:Lifespanoftheproduct;complexityoftechnicalrequirements;priceoftheproduct;servicerequirementsandturnover.Wheneverprofittakingwithinachannelisnotrelatedtotheamountofriskaccep
7、tedandthecostofdistributionfunctionsperformed,conflictmayariseamongthechannelmembers.Asforchannelperformance,theobjectiveistobringaboutcooperationandcoordinationwithinthechannelandnotdisharmonyorconflict.PartIAnIntroductiontoDistributionPartIISampleCommunicationsA:HiAndy,couldyouplea
8、sedomeafavor
