资源描述：
《英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、英语句子成分1.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物，是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory・（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主诰从句）2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEng
2、lish.Heisasleep.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateache匚Thecaketastesdelicious.Helookstired.Hebecamemadafterthat.系动词亦称联系动词（LinkVerb）,作为系动词，它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的系动词有：1）状态系动词：be（amisarewaswere...）2）持续系动词：keep,rest,remain,stay
3、,stand,"保持"3）表像系动词：seem,appear,look..”看起来像"4）感官系动词:feel,smell,sound,taste,5）变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run“变得”6）终止系动词：prove,turnout,"证实"1.宾语：1）动作的承受者一…动宾IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?3）双宾语…—间宾（指人）和直宾（
4、指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday・Myfathertoldmeastory.2.补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonito匚Wewillmakethemhappy.Fllhavemybikerepaired.2）.主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.3.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Heisachemistryteacher.Heisourfriend.1.状语：用来修
5、饰动词，形容词，副词或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。Iwillgotheretomorrow・Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweathe匚HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn^tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexa
6、m.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.简单句的五个基本句型1.主语+谓语（不及物动词Vi）Shecame・Myheadaches・2.主语+谓语（及物动词vt）+宾语ShelikesEnglish.3.主语+系动词+表语Sheishappy.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook・5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补Shemakeshermotherangry・1.Therebe句型Thereare60studentsinourclass.T
7、hereare5peopleinmyfamily.练习：划分以下句子成分并判断是什么句型。1・Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome・2.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.3.Mygrandfatherboughtmeanewcompute匚4.1feelbetternow.5.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes・6.Theypushedthedooropen.7.Hewillcomeheretomorrow・8.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingst
8、orylastnight.9.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.10.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.11.Thefoodgoesbadnow.12.Heseemssad・13.Mybrothersaredoctors
