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1、CriticalReviewTransgenicPlantsinPhytoremediation:RecentAdvancesandNewPossibilitiesSAMCHERIAN*,²ANDM.MARGARIDAOLIVEIRA²,³DepartamentodeBioquimicaVegetal,InstitutodeTecnologiaQuõÂmicaeBioloÂgica,Apartado-127,2781-901Oeiras,PortugalandDepartamentodeBiologiaVegetal,Faculda
2、deCieÃncias,UniversidadeLisboa,CampoGrande,1749-016Lisboa,PortugalPhytoremediation,theuseofplantsandtheirassociatedrecentyears,givingrisetotheconceptofphytoremediationmicrobestoremedycontaminatedsoils,sediments,(3,4).Phytoremediationisanemerginglow-costtechnologyandgro
3、undwater,isemergingasacost-effectiveandthatutilizesplantstoremove,transform,orstabilizecon-taminantsincludingorganicpollutantslocatedinwater,environmentallyfriendlytechnology.Dueinlargeparttosediments,orsoils.Theadvantagesofphytoremediationoveritsaestheticappeal,thiste
4、chnologyhasgainedincreasingusualbioremediationbymicroorganismsarethatplants,asattentionoverthepast10years.Phytoremediationusesautotrophicsystemswithlargebiomass,requireonlymodestdifferentplantprocessesandmechanismsnormallyinvolvednutrientinputandtheypreventthespreading
5、ofcontami-intheaccumulation,complexation,volatilization,andnantsthroughwaterandwinderosion(5).Plantsalsosupplydegradationoforganicandinorganicpollutants.Certainnutrientsforrhizospherebacteria,allowingthegrowthandplants,calledhyperaccumulators,aregoodcandidatesinmainten
6、anceofamicrobialcommunityforfurthercon-phytoremediation,particularlyfortheremovalofheavytaminantdetoxification.metals.PhytoremediationefficiencyofplantscanbeNumerousplantspecieshavebeenidentifiedforthepur-substantiallyimprovedusinggeneticengineeringtechnologies.poseofp
7、hytoremediation(Table1).Certainplantspecies,Recentresearchresults,includingoverexpressionofknownashyperaccumulators,areattractivecandidatesasgeneswhoseproteinproductsareinvolvedinmetaluptake,theyareabletoaccumulatepotentiallyphytotoxicelementstoconcentrations50-500time
8、shigherthanaverageplantstransport,andsequestration,oractasenzymesinvolved(6).Thehighbioconcentrationfactorandtheeffic
