材料力学双语教学学习资料.doc

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1、材料力学双语教学学习资料1第一章绪论Chapter1Introduction§M材料力学的任务TheTasksofMechanicsofMaterials1".材料力学:MechanicsofMaterials2.构件:StructuralMembers3.变形:Deformation4*.强度:Strength5*.刚度:Rigidity6*.稳定ft:Stability§1-2变形固体的基本假设FundamentalAssumptionsofSolidDeformationBodies1.连续

2、性假设:Continuity2.均匀性假设：Homogeneity3.各向同性假设:Isotropy§13外力及其分类ExternalForcesandClassification1.分布力:DistributedForce2.集中力:PointForce3.静载荷:StaticLoad4.动载荷：DynamicLoad§1.4内力、截面法和应力的概念ConceptsofInternalForces,MethodofSectionandStress1*.内力：InternalForce2*.截面法

3、:MethodofSection3.截面法的三个步骤：截开，代替，平衡Threestepsofmethodofsection:cutoff,substitute,andequilibrium.4*.应力:Stress5.平均应力：Averagestress6.应力（全应力）：Wholestress（sumstress）7*.正应力：NormalStress8*.剪应力（切应力）:ShearingStress§1.5变形与应变DeformationandStrain1.线应变:Strain2.剪应变

4、：ShearingStrain§1.6杆件变形的基本形式BasicTXpesofDeformationsofRods1*.拉伸或压缩:TensionorCompression2*.剪切:Shear3*.扭转:Torsion4*.弯

5、ll

6、:Bending第二章拉伸、压缩与剪切Chapter2Tension,CompressionandShear§2.1轴向拉伸与压缩的概念和实例TheConceptandExamplesofAxialTensionandCompression1.拉杆:Tensile

7、Rod2•压杆：CompressiveRod3.受力特点:外力合力的作用线与杆轴线重合CharacteristicoftheExternalForces:Theactinglineoftheresultantofexternalforcesiscoincidedwiththeaxisoftherod.4.变形特点：杆沿轴向伸长或缩短CharacteristicofDeformation:Rodwillelongateorcontractalongtheaxisoftherod.§2.2轴向拉伸或压

8、缩时横截面上的内力和应力InternalForceandStressofAxialTensionorCompressionontheCrossSection1*•横截面:CrossSection2*.轴力：NormalForce31轴力图：DiagramofNormalForce§2.3直杆轴向拉伸或压缩时斜截面上的应力StressofAxialTensionorCompressionontheSkewSection1.斜截面:SkewSection2.(ya-crcos2aTn=—sin2tzQ

9、2§2.4材料在拉伸时的力学性能MechanicalPropertiesofMaterialswithTensileLoad1.标准试件:Specimen2.低碳钢(CW0.3%):LowCarbonSteel3.弹性阶段:ElasticRegion4.屈服阶段:YieldingStage5.强化阶段：HardeningStage6.颈缩阶段:NeckingStage7*.J-…比例极限：ProportionalLimit8*.o■一弹性极限:ElasticLimit9*.Os-…屈服极限:Yie

10、ldingStress10*.叫——强度极限:UltimateStress11.延伸率:PercentElongation12.断面收缩率:PercentReductionofArea13.塑性材料:DuctileMaterials14.脆性材M：BrittleMaterials15.铸铁:Castiron§2.7失效、安全系数和强度计算Failure,SafetyfactorandStrengthcalculation1.许用应JJ'.AllowableStress2.安全系数: