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1、Unit2WitnessingtimeGrammarandusageNounclausesNounClauses名词性从句是由if,whether,that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that，被强调部分指人时可用who/who
2、m。Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.2.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrang
3、ethat…奇怪的是…(3)itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…(4)it＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1)if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。(2)Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)ThatPresidentJiangwillvisito
4、urschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)Whetherheiswrongornotdo
5、esn’tmatter.(wrong)(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。例如:1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中
6、作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）,例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句。例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsu
7、ponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语
8、从句。4.It可以作为形式宾语It不仅可以作为形式主
