Mencius-孟子(英文版).pdf

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1、Mencius孟子(英文版)Mencius(Selections)TranslatedbyCharlesMuller,TōyōGakuenUniversityUpdated:August14,2003TableofContents1A.KingHuiofLiang(partone)1B.KingHuiofLiang(parttwo)2A.KungSunCh'ou(partone)公孫丑上3A.T’engWengKung(partone)3B.T’engWengKung(parttwo)4A.LiLou(partone)離婁上4B.LiLou(parttwo

2、)離婁下6A.KaoTzu(partone)吿子上6B.KaoTzu(parttwo)吿子下7A.ChinHsin(partone)盡心上7B.ChinHsin(parttwo)盡心下1A.KingHuiofLiang(partone)孟子見梁惠王。王曰，「叟，不遠千里而來，亦將有以利吾國乎？」孟子對曰，「王何必曰利？亦有仁義而已矣。」「王曰：『何以利吾國？』大夫曰：『何以利吾家？』士庶人曰：『何以利吾身？』上下交征利，而國危矣！萬乘之國弑其君者，必千乘之家；千乘之國，弑其君者，必百乘之家。萬取千焉，千取百焉，不爲不多矣；苟爲後義而先利，不奪不饜。」「未有

3、仁而遺其親者也，未有義而後其君者也。」「王亦曰仁義而已矣，何必曰利？」[1A:1]MenciuswenttoseeKingHuiofLiang.TheKingsaid:"Mygoodman,sinceyouhaven'tthoughtonethousandlitoofartocomeandseeme,mayIpresumethatyouhavesomethingwithwhichIcanprofitmykingdom?"Menciussaid:"Whymustyouspeakofprofit?WhatIhaveforyouisHumanenessandRi

4、ghtness,andthat'sall.Ifyoualwayssay'howcanIprofitmykingdom?'yourtopofficerswillask,'howcanweprofitourclans?'Theelites(shi)1andthecommonpeoplewillask:'Howcanweprofitourselves?'Superiorsandinferiorswillstruggleagainsteachotherforprofit,andthecountrywillbeinchaos.""Inakingdomoftentho

5、usandchariots,themurdererofthesovereignisusuallyfromaclanofonethousandchariots.Inathousand-chariotkingdom,themurdererofthesovereignisusuallyfromaclanofonehundredchariots.Now,tohaveathousandintenthousand,oronehundredinathousandisnotreallyallthatmuch.Butifyouputdue-givinglastandprof

6、itfirst,noonewillbesatisfiedunlesstheycangrabsomething.""Therehasneverbeenahumanemanwhoneglectedhisparents,andtherehasneverbeenajustmanwhoputhisprincelastinhispriorities.King,can'twelimitourconversationtohumanenessanddue-giving?Whymustwediscussprofit?"梁惠王曰：「寡人之於國也，盡心焉耳矣！河內凶，則移其民於河

7、東，移其粟於河內；河東凶亦然。察鄰國之政，無如寡人之用心者；鄰國之民不加少，寡人之民不加多：何也？」孟子對曰：「王好戰，請以戰喩。填然鼓之，兵刃旣接，棄甲曳兵而走，或百歩而後止，或五十歩而後止；以五十歩笑百歩，則何如？」曰：「不可。直不百歩耳，是亦走也！」曰：「王如知此，則無望民之多於鄰國也。」「不違農時，穀不可勝食也；數罟不入洿池，魚鼈不可勝食也；斧斤以時入山林，材木不可勝用也；穀與魚鼈不可勝食，材木不可勝用，是使民養生喪死無憾也；養生喪死無憾，王道之始也。」「五畝之宅，樹之以桑，五十者可以衣帛矣；雞豚狗彘之畜，無失其時，七十者可以食肉矣；百畝之田，勿奪

8、於時，數口之家可以無饑矣；謹庠序之教，申之以孝悌之義，頒白者不負戴