斯科特微观经济学课件Chapter 22 - General equilibrium and the origins of free-market and intervention.ppt

斯科特微观经济学课件Chapter 22 - General equilibrium and the origins of free-market and intervention.ppt

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时间:2020-03-02

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1、Chapter22GeneralEquilibriumandtheOriginsoftheFree-MarketandInterventionistIdeologies2TheFree-MarketArgumentFree-marketadvocates(laissez-faire)Perfectlycompetitivemarkets–efficientNogovernmentinterventionInterventionistsFlaw:EfficientfreemarketsOutcome–notequitable3TheFree-M

2、arketArgumentEconomyGivenstockoflabor&capitalPeople=producers&consumersConsumers–convexindifferencecurvesDecreasingmarginalrateofsubstitution(MRSgoods)Producers–convexisoquantsDecreasingmarginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution(MRTSinputs)4TheFree-MarketArgumentEconomy’sproblemsA

3、llocateinputsefficiently–producegoodsQuantityeachgoodEfficientlydistributegoodsPareto-efficientallocationAllocationofinputs(capitalandlabor)IfreallocatedProducemoreofonegoodProducelessofothergood5TheFree-MarketArgumentBeliefsInputs–allocatedefficientlyGoods–distributedeffic

4、ientlySupplyanddemandMixofgoodsproducedDistributionofincome6EfficiencyinConsumptionEfficientdistributionofgoodsAlongcontractcurveConditionforefficiencyinconsumptionGivensetofgoodsAllocated-setofconsumersUntil-equalMRSEachpairofgoodsEachconsumerMRS12for1=MRS22for1=...=MRSi2f

5、or1Figure22.1Efficiencyinconsumption7EachpointintheEdgeworthboxrepresentsanallocationofgoods1and2betweenpersons1and2.Pointaisaninefficientallocationofgoodsbecauseatthatpoint,MRS1≥MRS2.ThecontractcurvecomprisesthesetofefficientallocationsofgoodsforwhichMRS1=MRS2.0Good2toPers

6、on2Good1toPerson20Good1toPerson118Good2toPerson120IndifferencecurveforPerson1IndifferencecurveforPerson2Contractcurvebca812119128126810612d-4+1+1-3EfficiencyinProductionEfficientallocationsofinputsAlongcontractcurveConditionforefficiencyinproductionGivensetofinputsAllocated

7、-setofproducersUntil–equalMRTSEachpairofinputsEachproducerMRTS1KforL=MRTS2KforL=...=MRTSiKforL8Figure22.2Efficiencyinproduction9EachpointintheEdgeworthboxrepresentsanallocationofinputsLandKtotheproductionofgoods1and2.Pointaisaninefficientallocationofinputsbecauseatthatpoint

8、,MRTS1KforL>MRTS2KforL.Thecontractcurvecomprisesthesetofefficientallocationsofinpu

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