翻译的基本概念.ppt

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1、第二章翻译的基本概念1，翻译的性质（定义）1.1人们对翻译性质的认识：由现象到本质；由低级到高级。1.1.1盖翻译者，谓翻梵天之语，转成汉地之言。音虽似别，意则大同。----宋僧法云《翻译名义集》1.1.2译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。----唐贾公彦　《义疏》1.1.3翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。----张培基1.1.4Translationconsistsinreproducingthereceptorlanguagetheclosetna

2、turalequivalentofthesourcelanguage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.A,再现原文信息，而不是保留原文的结构形式；B,原文与译文之间是对等，而非同一关系；C，对等是贴切，自然的；D,意义是优先考虑的因素；E,文体成分也很重要。1.1.4.1equivalenceFormalequivalence:偏重于原语的表达形式Dynamicequivalence:最贴近原语信息的自然对等。Functionaleq

3、uivalence:译文的功能于原文的功能基本一致。1.2.1Word-for-wordTranslationTheculturesharedbypeoplespeakingthereceptorlanguageisoftenverydifferentfromthecultureofpeoplespeakingthesourcelanguage.Thiswillautomaticallymakethemdifficulttofindlexicalequivalents.Thelexiconsof

4、thetwolanguagessometimesdonotmatch.Thismismatchwillmakeitnecessaryforthetranslatorstodealwithmanyadjustmentsintheprocessoftranslation.Thiscausesaone-for-oneequivalenceoflexicaltermsimpossible.Mistakeswilloccursifwefailtorecognizethisdifference.Exampl

5、e4.9中山纪念堂是广东省重点文化保护单位。（广州中山纪念堂简介）TheSunYat-senMemorialHallisaprotectedsiteofkeyimportanceasaculturalunitbytheorderofGuangdongProvincialGovernment.Inthiscontext,torender“重点文化保护单位”into“aprotectedsiteofkeyimportanceasaculturalunit”isaninstanceof“word-fo

6、r-word”translation,althoughtheindividualEnglishwordsarefairlyconsistentwiththeChinesewords(intheoriginalwork)intheirwordorderandtheir“partofspeech.”Inthisexample“aculturalunit”means“一个文化单元”inChinese,andisnotwhattheChinesepeoplecalled“文化单位,”whichshoul

7、dcorrectlybetranslatedinto“ahistoricalsite.”Whenpeoplerender“单位”intoEnglish,theyareaccustomedtoconnect“单位”inChineseto“unit”inEnglish,butactuallynowordinEnglishcanreallymatchtheword“单位”inChinese.Thusthelimitoflexicalequivalenceappears,whichrequiresust

8、omakethetranslationspecific.Example5.7水映山容，使山容益添秀美，山青水秀，使水能更显柔情。有诗云：岸上湖中各有奇，山觞水酌两相宜。只言游舫浑如画，身在画中原不知。Thehillsovershadowthelake,andthelakereflectsthehills.Theyareinperfectharmonyandmorebeautifulthanapicture.（中译英技巧文集，1992）Inthesourcelanguagetext,thefirs