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1、51.Thefollowingappearedinamedicalnewsletter."Doctorshavelongsuspectedthatsecondaryinfectionsmaykeepsomepatientsfromhealingquicklyafterseveremusclestrain.Thishypothesishasnowbeenprovedbypreliminaryresultsofastudyoftwogroupsofpatients.Thefirstgroupofpatients,allbeingtreatedformuscleinjurie
2、sbyDr.Newland,adoctorwhospecializesinsportsmedicine,tookantibioticsregularlythroughouttheirtreatment.Theirrecuperationtimewas,onaverage,40percentquickerthantypicallyexpected.Patientsinthesecondgroup,allbeingtreatedbyDr.Alton,ageneralphysician,weregivensugarpills,althoughthepatientsbeliev
3、edtheyweretakingantibiotics.Theiraveragerecuperationtimewasnotsignificantlyreduced.Therefore,allpatientswhoarediagnosedwithmusclestrainwouldbewelladvisedtotakeantibioticsaspartoftheirtreatment."作者需要澄清一个概念什么是muscleinjury作者结论基于一个隐含的假设级抗生素可以防止二次感染，二次感染导致了快速康复很可能是医生的原因使用不同的治疗措施如果能提供两组受伤情况是否一
4、样会更有说服力，或者其他一些情况，年龄，身体素质应该提供有效证据说明sugarpills对康复没有副作用（二次感染的讨论）45.Thefollowingappearedasaneditorialinawildlifejournal."ArcticdeerliveonislandsinCanada'sarcticregion.Theysearchforfoodbymovingovericefromislandtoislandduringthecourseofayear.Theirhabitatislimitedtoareaswarmenoughtosustainthepl
5、antsonwhichtheyfeed,andcoldenough,atleastsomeoftheyear,fortheicetocovertheseaseparatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.Unfortunately,accordingtoreportsfromlocalhunters,thedeerpopulationsaredeclining.Sincethesereportscoincidewithrecentglobalwarmingtrendsthathavecausedtheseaicetom
6、elt,wecanconcludethatthedeclineinarcticdeerpopulationsistheresultofdeerbeingunabletofollowtheirage-oldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozensea."首先太轻率的相信了当地猎人的报告当地猎人打不到猎，这些猎人很菜，新手，不知道deer什么时候活动，鹿晚上，而他们白天打猎又或者这段时间里还没结冰，鹿的活动范围很受限制，以及常出没的地方作者没有考虑其他可能导致deer数量减少的原因是否发生瘟疫了，天敌太多，小鹿都被吃了。或者是水被污染，有害物质致死
7、全球变暖导致冰融化并不意味着deer那个地方的冰融化了如果作者能进一步指出，那个地方的冰也确实融化了，还因提供目前鹿数目的变化情况，以及当地气温是否有上升。另外鹿的生存环境是否还存在其他的威胁也需要调查。53.Thirteenyearsago,researchersstudiedagroupof25infantswhoshowedsignsofmilddistresswhenexposedtounfamiliarstimulisuchasanunusualodororataperecordingofanunknownvoice.Theyd
