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1、Theactivated-sludgeprocessAbstract-Thispaperintroducesthecompositionandprincipleofactivated-sludgeprocess,recentdevelopmentsandfuturedevelopmentstendency」talsoprovidesadesignschemeandaexample・Keywords-activated-sludge,aerationtank,computersimulatioredesignscheme1
2、」ntroductionTheactivated-sludgeprocessisabiologicalmethodofwastewatertreatmentthatisperformedbyavariableandmixedcommunityofmicroorganismsinanaerobicaquaticenvironment.Thesemicroorganismsderiveenergyfromcarbonaceousorganicmatterinaeratedwastewaterfortheproductiono
3、fnewcellsinaprocessknownassynthesis,whilesimultaneouslyreleasingenergythroughtheconversionofthisorganicmatterintocompoundsthatcontainlowerenergy,suchascarbondioxideandwater,inaprocesscalledrespiration.Aswell,avariablenumberofmicroorganismsinthesystemobtainenergyb
4、yconvertingammonianitrogentonitratenitrogeninaprocesstermednitrification.Thisconsortiumofmicroorganisms,thebiologicalcomporientoftheprocess,isknowncollectivelyasactivatedsludge・Theoverallgoaloftheactivated-sludgeprocessistoremovesubstancesthathaveademandforoxygen
5、fromthesystem.Thisisaccomplishedbythemetabolicreactions(synthesis-respirationandnitrificaction)ofthemicroorganisms,theseparationandsettIingofactivated-sludgesolidstocreateanacceptablequalityofsecondarywastewatereffluent,andthecollectionandrecyclingofmicroorganism
6、sbackintothesystemorremovalofexcessmicroorganismsfromthesystem.2.Theprincipleoftheactivated-sludgeprocess2.1Thecomponentsoftheactivated-sludgeprocessBeforebeginningadiscussionofthebiologicalcomporientofthesystem,anoverviewofthephysicalcomponentsthatcomprisetheact
7、ivated-sludgeprocesswouldseemtobeinorder.Thiswillhelpthereadergainabetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentinwhichamixedcommunityofmicroorganismsmetabolizesorganicmatter,settlestoformathickenedsludge,andisrecycledbackintoorremovedfromthesystem・AccordingtoActivatedSlud
8、ge,ManualofPractice(WaterEnvironmentAssociation,1987),theactivated-sludgeprocesscontainsfiveessentialinterrelatedequipmentcomponents.Thefirstisanaerationtankor
