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1、名词一名词的分类a.专有名词和普通名词b.可数名词和不可数名词二.不可数名词常见的不可数名词有:advice,baggage,change(零钱),furniture(家具),hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage(行李),money,news,progress,trafficmaths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news是不可数名词。theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。 TheUnit
2、edNationswasorganizedin1945.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:"TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.可数名词可数名词的复数构成规则:(1)规则变化。①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如:boy—boys,pen—pens。②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如:glass—glasses,box—boxes,watch—watches。特例:stomach—stomaches。③以“辅音字母+y”结尾
3、的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如:baby—babies,lady—ladies,fly—flies④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如:tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes,Negroes。⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”,之后再加-es。如:wife—wives,life—lives,knife—knives。特例:handkerchief—handkerchiefs,roof—roofs,。(2)不规则变化。1改变元音字母的:
4、man-men,mouse-mice,foot-feet,woman-women,tooth-teeth,goose-geese。特例:ox-oxen,child-children。2单、复数同形。如:means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works(工厂),Swiss。3有些名词通常只用作复数。如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,trousers裤子,socks,goods货物,belongings所有物;remains(遗体/物);clothe
5、s;thanks,,ruins废墟,contents(目录);customs(海关);arms(武器);riches财富,surroundings环境,savings储蓄,fireworks烟火,congratulations祝贺,havewordswithsb.同某人吵架,inhighspirits以很高热情地,giveone’sregardstosb.向某人问侯,inrags衣衫破烂,Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有礼貌做某事,inotherwords,makepreparationsfor,
6、shakehands,makefriendswith,makeendsmeet,takepains下功夫。4表示某国人的复数形式:A:单复一样:(Chinese/Japanese)B:把man-men:Englishmen;Frenchmen,policeman;C:其它加s(包括Germans,humans)5复合名词a.在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如boy-friends,grown-ups,sisters-in-law,lookers-on。b.man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成
7、复数。如:mandoctor—mendoctors,womandriver—womendrivers。6.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特殊的意义Spirit精神-Spirits心情coffee咖啡-coffees几杯咖啡game游戏-games运动会manner方式-manners礼貌time时间-times时代wood木材-woods森林interest兴趣-interests利益paper纸-papers报纸people人-peoples民族work工作-works著作7.fishes各种鱼teas各种茶fru
8、its各种水果三抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词,可数名词)asurprise/asuccess/anhonor/Failure(失败)isthemotherofsuccessafailure/ayouth/apity/apleasure四名词的所有格1.Tom’sbike,students’homework,men’sclothes男士衣服children’sbook