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1、1．Firstly,thetransparentanataseTiO2colloidal(3–5nminparticlesize)solutionwaspreparedviaheatingtheprecursorscontainingtitaniumn-butoxide(Ti(OBu)4,34.2mL),acetylacetone(乙酰丙酮)(10.2mL),n-butanol(正丁醇)(37.6mL),0para-toluene-sulfonicacid(对甲苯磺酸)(3.8g)andH2O(18.0mL)at60Cfor12h,whichhasbeenreportedbefore.The
2、anataseTiO2colloidalsolutionwasspin-coatedonthecleanedFTOglass(15U/square,NipponSheetGlass,Japan)toformacompactlayeronFTOglasswithathicknessofabout120nm.Secondly,theTiO2pastewasscreen-printedonacompactlayercoatedFTOglass.来源：Energy&EnvironmentalScienceTri-functionalhierarchicalTiO2spheresconsistingo
3、fanatasenanorodsandnanoparticlesforhighefficiencydye-sensitizedsolarcells2.ThecleanFTOsubstrateswerethenpre-coatedwithTiO2filmsviathedipcoatingmethod.Inatypicalprocess,6gofpoly(ethyleneglycol)-block-poly(propyleneglycol)-block-poly(ethyleneglycol)(聚乙二醇聚丙二醇-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物，P123)(Sigma-AldrichCorp.,St.Loui
4、s,MO,USA),22mLofhydrochloricacidsolution(浓盐酸)(withaconcentrationof36wt%)and70mLofethanolweremixed0inabeakerundervigorousstirringfor10minat40C.Then,20mLofTi(OC4H9)40wasaddedtotheabovesolution,andstirredvigorouslyforanother6hat40C.Theresultingsolwasobtainedafterthemixedsolutionwaslefttostandfor12hatr
5、oom-1temperature.Thesolwasusedimmediatelyfordipcoatingatarateof3mms.Theofilmswerethenanealedat450Cfor30min.来源：FanJiajieJMC20123.以TBT制备TiO2溶胶的方法类似文献[15-16]，具体制备步骤为：将4.8mLDEA（二乙醇胺）和17mLTBT按先后顺序加入搅拌着的67.3mL的乙醇中，室温搅拌2h；将0.9mL水与10mL乙醇的混合液加入上述溶液中，室温搅拌30min，静置过夜，即得TiO2溶胶（记为溶胶A）通过浸渍-提拉法在FTO上沉积溶胶A，经500℃烧结30
6、min后，即在FTO上形成一层TiO2致密层（记为CL1）。来源：光阳极的前后处理对DSSC性能的影响付瑜，黄希明，赵伟明4.Briefly,68mLoftetrabutyltitanateand16.5mLofdiethanolamineweredissolvedin210mLofabsoluteethanol,andthenthemixturewasstirredvigorouslyfor1hatroomtemperatureuntilahomogeneoussolutionwasformed(solutionA).Amixtureof3.6mLofH2Oand100mLofethano
7、l(solutionB)wasaddeddropwiseintosolutionAunderrapidstirring.Theresultingalkoxidesolution,agedfor24hatroomtemperature,resultedinanorganicsol.Theresultingsolutionwasusedforthemodificationofthenanoporousfilms.
