选词(正式与非正式).doc

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1、WordChoice1.Formalvs.Informal正式/非正式语言学家Joos曾根据正式程度（levelofformality）将语言分为五个级别：刻板体frozen，正式体formal，询议体consultative，随便体casual，亲密体intimate。例：刻：Visitorwouldmaketheirwayatoncetotheupperfloorbywayofthestaircase.正：Visitorsshouldgouptothestairsatonce.询：Wouldyoumindgoingupstairsrightaway,plea

2、se?随：Timeyouallwentupstairsnow.亲：Upyougo,chaps!刻板体用于专业书面语或庄严的演讲。正式体一般用于书面语或公众演讲，它的主要目的是传播信息。询议体属于中间性的标准语体，它用语比较准确，发音清楚，句法相当完整，语意表达充分，是其他各种语体的基础。随便体用于熟人、朋友和“知情者”，其特点是：一省略句法，二使用俚语。亲密体用于最熟悉的人之间，其特点高度删节，使用行话jargon.语体的正式程度与交际方式有密切的联系。WrittenEnglishtendstobeformal.SpokenEnglishtendstobeinf

3、ormal.举例：1.You’reextremelytalkative.(formal)Youtalkalot.(informal)You’reanoldwindbag.(slang)2.Atwhattimeshallwedine?(formal)Whendoweeat?(informal)Whendoweputonthefeetbag?(slang)3.Arichwomanwaskilledlastnight.(formal)Someonekilledarichwomanlastnight.(colloquial)4.Throughthewindow,came

4、inthesweetsong.(formal)Thesweetsongcameinthroughthewindow.(colloquial)5.Thecollegerequiresallthestudentstosubmittheiressaybyagiventime.(fl)I’vegottohandinthisessaybytomorrow.(colloquial)FormalinformalcolloquialGentlemanmanguy,chapImpoverishedpoorWealthyrichIntelligentsmartbrightAutom

5、obilecarTelevisionTVPornographysexToleratestand/bearputupwithEntertainmentplay/gamesfunPleasurefunfunLovelylovelycute2.Laudatory（commendatory）wordsvs.derogatorywords褒贬义Examples:Theyliveinasmalltown.2IcanneverforgetthelittletownwhereIspentmyhappychildhood.Modestandhardworking,hemadeve

6、ryquickprogressatschool.Heismanofmeanbirth.Heispoorbutnotabjectinhismanner.Yournieceimpressedmeassweetand_____.(childlike/childish)Isthat______(elderly/old)gentlemansittingonthebenchyourfather?Youmustbe_____anddowhatyouthinkbest.(resolute/stubborn)Whywereyouso____aboutyourachievement

7、s?(modest/humble)CommendatorywordsderogatorywordsStatesmanpoliticianLittlesmallModesthumbleBeinterestedinbeaddictedtoBeabsorbedinindulgeoneselfinBeengagedinBekeenonInfluenceaffect1.exactnessofwords’meaning准确Ajudgemustbe_____inthecasehetries.(disinterested/uninterested)Thepresidentspo

8、keonradiotot