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1、ADissertationSubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofMasterinEngineeringLightweightBodyStructureofCityBusbasedonTopologyOptimizationandSensitivityAnalysisMasterCandidate:DingMingliangMajor:VehicleEngineeringSupervisor:Prof.YanYunbingWuhanUn
2、iversityofScienceandTechnologyWuhan,Hubei430081,P.R.ChinaMay,2016摘要公交车是人们出行的重要交通工具,其轻量化能有效提高载客量,实现节能减排。车身骨架是客车的主要承载结构,对其进行轻量化研究具有重要意义。依据有限元思想,运用现代优化理论,采用优化设计方法,借助有限元软件,对某客车公司的公交车车身骨架进行了轻量化研究。以构建的公交车三维数字模型为基础,模拟了公交车悬架系统以及车身骨架有限元模型,进行了典型四种工况即水平弯曲、极限扭转、紧急制动、急速转弯工
3、况的模拟,分析了骨架静态特性。通过车身骨架自由模态的低阶振动情况分析了骨架动态特性,得到了骨架的强度、刚度以及低阶振动频率的参数。以骨架的一阶弯曲频率、一阶扭转频率、弯曲柔度以及扭转柔度为约束条件,以体积最小为目标函数,对骨架进行了拓扑优化。以拓扑优化结果为依据,选取371组杆件为设计变量,对骨架进行了灵敏度分析。根据拓扑优化和灵敏度分析的结果,结合企业对定型产品的规定要求以及钢结构材料的国家标准,提出了车身骨架的轻量化方案,使骨架质量减轻了240kg。与原骨架相比,新骨架保持了原有的扭转刚度和模态振动性能,弯曲刚
4、度得到提高,强度性能明显改善,实现了客车车身骨架轻量化目标。关键词:公交车;轻量化;刚度;拓扑优化;灵敏度分析IAbstractBustransportationisanimportanttoolforpeopletotravel.Thelightweightofbuscanimprovepassengercapacityeffectively,achieveenergy-savingandemissionreduction.Thebodyskeletonisthemainload-bearingstructure
5、sofpassengercar,soit’ssignificantlyimportanttoresearchonitslightweight.Onthebasisoffiniteelementmethod,withthemodernoptimizationtheoryandoptimizationdesignmethodutilized,andbymeansoffiniteelementsoftware,thestudyoflightweightbasedonabusbodyskeletonofabusmanufa
6、cturerhasbeenmade.Basedonthe3Ddigitalmodel,thebussuspensionsystemandfiniteelementmodelofthebodyskeletonhavesimulatedaswellasthefourkindsoftypicalworkingcondition.Thefourconditionarehorizontalbending,torsionlimit,emergencybrakingandsharpturnsworkingcondition.Th
7、roughlow-ordervibrationoffreemodalbasedonbusbodyskeletonanalyzingdynamiccharacteristicsofskeleton.Andtheresultsshowedparametersofstrengthontheskeleton,stiffnessandlow-ordervibration.Takingfirstorderbending,torsionfrequencyoftheskeleton,bendingandtorsionalflexi
8、bilityasconstraintconditionsandtheminimumvolumeastheobjectivefunction,toanalysistopologyoptimizationofit.Thatbasedontheresultsoftopologyoptimization,selecting371groupsofbarsasdesig