基于多目标优化的客车车身骨架轻量化设计

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1、摘要到了在轻量化效果，并验证了结构改进后车身骨架在各个工况下的强度、刚度以及车身骨架的开口变形，并对车身骨架的前十阶模态的动态刚度特性进行了验证，最终车身骨架质量由1840kg下降到1717kg，车身骨架质量减重约123kg，约占整车车身骨架的6.7%。扭转刚度由56.4N.m/(º)提高到60.1N.m/(º)，一阶扭转频率由6.3HZ上升到6.5HZ，最终完成车身骨架的轻量化设计，确定轻量化方案的可行性。关键词：纯电动公交客车；APDL；有限元分析；ISIGHT；多目标优化；Pareto；轻量化Ⅱ万方数据AbstractAbstractBusbodyisanimporta

2、ntandthemainbearingpartofthebus.Sincethebodyweightaccountsforalargeproportionofthetotalvehiclequality,thereasonablebodyframelightweightdesignhasaveryimportantsignificancetoreducethevehiclequality.ThispapertakestheG610A-PDtypeelectricbusofHebeiJieshenAmperexTechnologyCo.,Ltd.astheresearchobj

3、ect.Alightweightdesignplatformofthebodyframebasedonmultiobjectiveoptimizationisestablished.Themainresearchcontentsincludethefollowingaspects:(1)Thebodyframestructureofthepureelectricbusisanalyzed,andthemodelissimplifiedaccordingtothecharacteristicsofthebusbodyframe.Subsequently,thefiniteele

4、mentmodelofthebodyframeisestablished.Thegeneraldrivingconditionsandthetechnicalindexofelectricbusbodyaredetermined.(2)Theloadandconstraintofthebusinvariousconditionsareanalyzed.Inaddition,thestrengthandstiffnessofthebusinallconditionsareanalyzed.Thetorsionalrigidityandtheopeningdeformationo

5、fthevehiclebodyframeunderdifferentconditionsarefocusresearchedandtherelevanttechnicalevaluationisaccomplished.Basedonthemodalanalysistheory,theanalysisandevaluationofthemodalfrequenciesandshapesofthebodyframearecarriedout.Thedynamicstiffnesscharacteristicsofthebodyframeareanalyzed,andthefir

6、sttenmodesareanalyzedemphatically,whichprovideanimportantbasisforthefurtherstructuralimprovementandareferenceforthebodyframelightweightdesign.(3)BasedontheadvantagesofISIGHTinthemulti-objectiveoptimizationdesign,theoptimizationofthebusbodyframeiscarriedout.ThroughtheintegrationofANSYSlargef

7、initeelementanalysissoftware,amulti-objectiveoptimizationdesignplatformissetup.ThevisualmodelofbodyframeisbuiltbyAPDLlanguagesoastorealizeautomaticmodeling,automaticsimulationandthusachievetheeffectofautomaticoptimization.Anewmethodforlightweightdesignof