平准化能源成本Levelized Cost of Energy Calculation_BV_EN.pdf

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1、1:1:LevelizedLevelizedCostofEnergyCostofEnergyCalculationCalculationMethodologyandSensitivityWhatisLCOE?LevelizedCostofEnergy(LCOE)istheconstantunitcost(perkWhorMWh)ofapaymentstreamthathasthesamepresentvalueasthetotalcostofbuildingandoperatingageneratingplantove

2、ritslife.InitialInvestmentandAnnualCosts$1,000,000$150LCOE$750,000$125EquityInvestmentDebtServiceOperatingExpenses$500,000Taxes$100LCOEAnnualCost($)LCOE($/MWh)$250,000$75$0$5002468101214161820Year-2WhyUseLCOE?Veryusefulincomparingtechnologieswithdifferentoperati

3、ngcharacteristicsLCOERangebasedonCapacityFactorRangeSolarThermalSolarPVWind-OffshoreDeepTypically,LCOEsarecalculatedover20to40Wind-OffshoreShallowyearlife,andaregivenintheunitsofcurrencyWind-OnshoreperkWhorMWh00.511.52LevelizedCostofEnergy(RMB/kWh)-3DifferentWays

4、toCalculateLCOE.SimplifiedLCOEApproachDiscountrate1.Usingadiscountratei,thecapitalUsedtoconvertfuturerecoveryfactor(CRF)is:coststopresentvalue.i(1+i)nCRF=Typicallybasedonmarket[(1+i)n]-1interestratesorweightedcostofcapital(WACC),2.ThesLCOEistheminimumpriceatwi

5、thorwithoutadjustmentswhichenergymustbesoldforanforriskanduncertainty.energyprojecttobreakeven(orCanvarydependingonthehavepresentvalueofzero)entity.sLCOE=CanbeRealorNominal[(capitalcost*CRF)+fixedO&Mcost]+(variableO&Mcost*output)(8.76*capacityfactor)-4Different

6、WaystoCalculateLCOE.CostofGenerationCalculatorAllinputsareinblue.TechnologyAssumptionsFinancial/EconomicAsumptionsFinancialModelApproachProjectCapacity(MW)1DebtPercentage50%CapitalCost($/kW)$2,000DebtRate8.00%FixedO&M($/kW)$50DebtTerm(years)15FixedO&MEscalation2.

7、5%EconomicLife(years)25FinancialmodelthatsolvesforVariableO&M($/MWh)$0Percent5-yearMACRS0%VariableO&MEscalation2.5%Percent7-yearMACRS0%therequiredrevenue(LCOE)toFuelCost($/MBtu)$0Percent15-yearMACRS0%FuelCostEscalation2.5%Percent20-yearMACRS100%achieveacertainin

8、ternalrateofHeatRate(Btu/kWh)0EnergyPriceEscalation0.0%CapacityFactor35%TaxRate50%MiscRevenue($/MWh)$0CostofEquity14.00%return(IRR).MiscEscalation2.5%DiscountR