Chapter 1 The Origins of Human Language - 副本.ppt

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1、TheStudyofLanguageYule,George(1996).TheStudyofLanguage.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Chapter1TheOriginsofLanguageTheoriesabouttheOriginofLanguageOttoJespersen(1921):OttoJespersen16July1860–30April1943)DanishlinguistspecializedinthegrammaroftheEnglishlanguage.HeattendedCopenhagenUniv

2、ersity,earningdegreesinEnglish,French,andLatin.studiedlinguisticsatOxford.Jespersen’sspeculationabouttheoriginoflanguageHumanlanguageoriginatedwhilehumanbeingswereenjoyingthemselves.Otherfamousspeculations1TheDivineSourceTheoryInmostreligions:divinesourceprovideshumanswithlanguageGenesis

3、(2:19):GodcreatedAdamand‘whatsoeverAdamcalledeverylivingcreaturethatwasthenamethereof‘KingJamesBible:Genesis(2:19):AndoutofthegroundtheLORDGodformedeverybeastofthefield,andeveryfowloftheair;andbrought[them]untoAdamtoseewhathewouldcallthem:andwhatsoeverAdamcalledeverylivingcreature,that[w

4、as]thenamethereof.KingJamesBibleGenesis(2:20):AndAdamgavenamestoallcattle,andtothefowloftheair,andtoeverybeastofthefield;butforAdamtherewasnotfoundahelpmeetforhim.TheDivineSourceTheoryHindu:LanguagecomesfromgoddessSarasvati,wifeofBrahma,creatoroftheuniverseSarasvatiBrahma,creatoroftheuni

5、verseExperimentsEgyptianpharaohPsammetichus(600B.C)ExperimentsJamesIVofScotland:similarexperimentBabelTower2TheNatural-SoundSourceTheoryHypothesis:E.g.:objectflewbycuckoosoundnamecuckooTheNatural-SoundSourceTheoryExplanationforonomatopoeicwords:splash,bang,boom,rattle,buzz,hissAlsocall

6、edBow-wow(Wauwau)TheoryoflanguageTheNatural-SoundSourceTheoryNaturalcriesofemotion:pain,anger,joy:e.g.ouchYo-heave-hoTheory:3TheOralGestureSourceTheoryhypothesis:developedbySirRichardPaget(1930)goodbyeresemblesmovementofwavingofthehand4GlossogeneticsGlossogenetics:focusesmainlyonthebiol

7、ogicalbasisoftheformationaddevelopmentofhumanlanguage.Revisedfeatures:upright,bipedallocomotion,revisedroleforthefrontlimbsResult:hastheabilityforspeech5PhysiologicalAdaptationTheoryphysicalfeaturesofhumanbeings:goodcluesfortheircapacityforspeechhumanteeth:upright,eveninh