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1、第七讲句法、特定结构及其他语法现象省略和插入语被省略的部分例句主语1.(I)Begyourpardon.2.(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.谓语或谓语的一部分1.(Isthere)AnythingIcandoforyou?2.(Is)Anybodyhere?宾语A:WherehasMrSmithgone?B:Sorry,Idon’tknow(wherehehasgone).主语和谓语,或主语和谓语的一部分1.(Areyou)Hungry?2.(Iwant)Orangejuice,pleas
2、e.不定式to后省略动词1.A:Wouldyouliketocometotheparty?B:I’dloveto(cometoyourparty.)2.Theydonotvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents).Ellipsis(省略)考点(一)省略为了使说话和行文简洁,句中某些成分有时可以省略。重点把握:1.省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留不定式符号to,例如:Hedidnotgivemethechance,thoughhehadpro
3、misedto(givemethechance)。但是如果to后是be或“have+Ved”,那么be或have就不能省略。例如:(1)—Areyouanengineer?—No,butIwanttobe.(2)—Hehasn'tfinishedthetaskyet.—Well,heoughttohave.2.关系代词在定语从句中作直接宾语,或作介词的宾语,而介词又在谓语动词的后面时,关系代词可以省略。定语从句中的谓语动词是进行时态或被动语态时,可以省略关系代词和be动词。3.在时间、地点、条件、方式或
4、让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,而且从句的谓语部分又包含be动词,就可以省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。4.主从复合句中省略一个从句或从句的一部分,用so或not代替(此时不用it或that)(二)插入语插入语是一种独立成分,在句子中一般起补充解释作用,去掉以后,句子的意思仍然通顺。1.熟记下列常见的插入语:形容词/副词(短语)——first,second,sure,surely,certainly,honestly,obviously,however,otherwise,namely,h
5、appily,luckily,really,besides,naturally,unfortunately,asusual,sofar,andsoon,nowonder,comealong,etc.介词短语——infact,inaddition,inaword,inotherwords,inone'sopinion,inthatcase,bytheway,ofcourse,asamatteroffact,asarule,asaresult,asfollows,onthecontrary,toone'ssu
6、rprise/joy/regret...,forexample,foronething...foranother(thing),etc.主谓句子、从句——Ithink,Isuppose,Ibelieve,Iguess,Ihope,Iwonder,Itellyou,youknow,yousee,itissaid,itissuggested,itseems(tome),I'msure,I'mafraid,doyouknow,don'tyouthink;ifImaysayso,ifyoudon'tmind,if
7、youlike,ifyouplease,ifnecessary,ifany,ifconvenient,whenpossible,etc.2.含think,believe,imagine,guess,say,suppose,know,expect等动词后有疑问词引导的宾语从句时,要将疑问词提到句首,从而构成复杂特殊疑问句,例如:Wheredoyousupposehehasbeen?特别注意复杂特殊疑问句中主谓语序不颠倒。例题及其练习【例1】Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthes
8、treet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto【解析】这句话的意思是:“那男孩想到大街上骑自行车,可是他妈妈不让他去。”根据语法规则,省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留不定式符号to。答案:A。【例2】—Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweek?—.A.Idon'tbelieveB.Idon'tbelieveitC.