2018年江苏高考二轮专题限时集训(23)任务型阅读(Ⅱ).doc

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1、专题限时集训二十三　任务型阅读(Ⅱ)(对应学生用书第161页)A(2017·南京、盐城高三二模)“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon，”saidPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellers(居民)havea21%higherriskofsufferingfromanxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen，anda39%higherriskofsufferingfrommo

2、oddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedunclear—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyerLindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(功能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI)toexa

3、minethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrymenwhentheyareunderstress.InDrMeyerLindenberg'sfirstexperiment，participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheywereboundtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25%－40%)．Tomaketheexperiencestillmoreembarrassing，theteamprovidedneg

4、ativefeedbackthroughheadphones，allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress，suchashighbloodpressure.Thecitypeople'sgeneralmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheruralcountrymen.However，theirbrainsdealtwiththestresscausedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeablei

5、ntworegions：theamygdalas(杏仁核)andtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(前扣带皮层，简称PACC)．Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.InthecaseofthePACC，however，whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow，butwhe

6、reheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson'schildhood，themoreactivehisPACC，regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.TheamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehereandnowwhilethePACCisprogrammedearlyon，anddoesnotreactinthesame，flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Secondtosecondchangesinitsactivitymi

7、ght，though，beexpectedtobeconnectedwithchangesintheamygdalas，becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.fMRIallowssuchconnectionstobemeasured.Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside，regardlessofwheretheynowlive，theconnectionswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtu