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1、ThomasGrayThomasGray(26December1716–30July1771),wasanEnglishpoet,classicalscholarandprofessoratCambridgeUniversity.Sentimentalism感伤主义SentimentalismisoneoftheimportanttrendsinEnglishliteratureofthemiddleandlaterdecadesofthe18thcentury.1.Alongwithanewvisionoflove,sentimentalismpresentedanewviewofhu
2、mannaturewhichprizedfeelingoverthinking,passionoverreason,andpersonalinstinctsof"pity,tenderness,andbenevolence"oversocialduties.2.Literaryworkofthesentimentalism,markedbyasinceresympathyforthepoverty-stricken,expropriatedpeasants,wrotethe"simpleannalsofthepoor”.Thepoemwasfirstpublishedin1751.Gra
3、ymay,however,havebegunwritingthepoemin1742,shortlyafterthedeathofhisclosefriendRichardWest.Anelegyisapoemwhichlamentsthedead.Gray's"ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard"isnoteworthyinthatitmournsthedeathnotofgreatorfamouspeople,butofcommonmen.Thepoeminvokestheclassicalideaofmementomori,aLatinphrasewh
4、ichstatesplainlytoallmankind,"Rememberthatyoumustdie."Inthispoem,thegraveyardactsasamementomori,remindingthenarratortonotplacetoomuchvalueonthislifebecausesomedayhetoowillbedeadandburied.Thespeakerofthispoemseesacountrychurchyardatsunset,whichimpelshimtomeditateonthenatureofhumanmortality死亡.Elegy
5、WritteninaCountryChurchyardGraydidnotproduceagreatdealofpoetry;the"ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard,"however,hasearnedhimarespectedanddeservedplaceinliteraryhistory.ThepoemwaswrittenattheendoftheAugustanAgeandatthebeginningoftheRomanticperiod,andthepoemhascharacteristicsassociatedwithbothliterary
6、periods.Ononehand,ithastheordered,balancedphrasingandrationalsentimentsofNeoclassicalpoetry.Ontheotherhand,ittendstowardtheemotionalismandindividualismoftheRomanticpoets;mostimportantly,itidealizesandelevatesthecommonman.MonumentinscribedwiththeElegyinStokePogesTheStyle"ElegyWritteninaCountryChur
7、chyard"iswritteninheroicquatrain四行诗.Aquatrainisafour-linestanza.Heroicquatrainsrhymeinanababpatternandarewritteniniambicpentameter.Forinstance,thefirstlineofGray's"ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard":TheCur/fewtolls/thek
