chmosky and his contributions (乔姆斯基对语言学贡献).ppt

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1、NoamChomskyDevelopedby-----陈娇陈竞董琴黄莉萍黄昕李丹李东蔚李雪李娅茜李应琴李玉李芝廖鑫罗津莫雨婷庞婷任婵佘思雅Class12Americanlinguist,philosopher,cognitivescientist,andactivistBorn：Dec.7.1928inPhiladelphiaHisfather:WilliamChomsky,anemigrantfromRussiaHiswife:CarolSchatzBetween1940and1945:acquaintedwiththeworkingsofthesocialist-anarch

2、istBetween1945and1950:astudentattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandbeganhisstudyoflinguisticsproofreaddevelopedIn1951:acceptednominationbyGoodmanasaJuniorFellowtoHarvardUniversity.In1953:furtherworkDuringtheyearof1955:obtainedapositionatMIT,taughtfor19yearsBetween1965and1973:againsttheVietnamesepo

3、licyoftheUSGovernmentthefatherofmodernlinguisticsimpressiveArevolutioninthelinguisticsChomskystudiedinthestructuralismatmospherewhilehewasnotsatisfiedwiththetheoryofstructuralismTheinadequacyofstructuralismFailtoexplainsomecommonlinguisticsfactsandphenomena.eg.whychildrenacquiretheirfirstlang

4、uageinafewyears?Transformational-generativeLinguistics“LanguageAcquisitionDevice”(LAD)TransformationalgenerativelinguisticsLADSurfacestructureandDeepstructureLADItismadeupofasetofgeneralprinciplescalleduniversalgrammarThiscanbeadoptedtoallthelanguagesintheworldManagetobeaccountedforthefactswh

5、ichstructuralismcan’texplainSurfacestructureanddeepstructureSurfacestructure:syntacticstructureDeepstructure:moreabstractandcomplicatedeg,Johniseagertoplease.Johniseasytoplease.Structurallysimilarsentencesmightvaryinthemeaning,fortheyhavequitedifferentdeepstructuresuniversalgrammardefinitione

6、.g.beinnatetomakeupLADLAD+outsidelanguageinput=theabilityoflanguagelearningaredapple红苹果runfast跑得快DeepstructurevsSurfacestructuremeaningasentencee.g.deepstructureonedeepstructuretwosurfacestructureonesurfacestructuretwosurfacestructureonesurfacestructuretwoHeiscrying.HesawMarywiththemicrophone

7、.Withthemicrophone,hesawMary.Flyingplanesisverydangerous.Itisdangeroustoflyplanes.Planesthatareflyingisdangerous.CompetenceandPerformanceCompetencereferstoaspeaker'sknowledgeoflanguagetoproduceandunderstandaninfinitenumberofsentencesPerforman