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1、Chapter3 Instrumentsfor humaneyesVisualopticalsystem:TheinstrumentsworkingwiththehumaneyesContentsThecharacteristicsofthehumaneyesPrinciplesandstructuresofmicroscopesandtelescopesHowdoestheopticalinstrumentworkwiththehumaneyes?Defectsoftheeyesanddiopteracco
2、mmodationofopticalinstruments§3-1CharacteristicsoftheeyeVisualopticalsystemisusedtoimproveourvisionabilityItworkswithhumaneyesHumaneyesactsasasub-opticalsystemofthewholesystemF’F’oFeTelescope+eyesStructureoftheeye－－－－Lens－－－－Film－－－－StopTheeyecanbecalledasu
3、percamera.Itcanautomaticallyzoomandfocus,itcanalsoadjusttheeneryenteringtheeyes.Inopticalviewpoint,thehumaneyeshavethreeimportantpartscorrespondingtothefollowingcomponents：Cornea:Transparentsphericalmembrane,theincidentrayspassthecorneafirstly.n=1.3771,Fron
4、talchamber:Theroombehindthecornea,fullofclear,wateryfluid,n=1.3374,convergestheray.Lens:Biconvexlens,themusclearoundthelenscontractstomaketheradiusoftheformersurfaceofthelensdiminish,whichleadstotheshorteningoftheeye’seffectivefocallength.itisconsistedofsev
5、erallayswithdifferentindex.Cornea,frontalchamberandlensactsasthepartofalensofacamera.Retina:Opticnervecellandopticnervefiber,actsasasensitivefilm.Yellowspot(macularfovea):Themostsensitiveareaonretina.Retinaandyellowspotactasthephoto-sensitiveportionofacamer
6、aBlindspot:Locatedwherethenervefibersleavetheeyeball,nosensitivecellonitandnovisioncanbeformed.TestoftheblindspotItactsasanvariablestop(irisdiaphragm)ofacamera.Iris:Themembranesuspendedbetweenthecorneaandlens.Inthecenteroftheirisisthepupilwhichregulatesthea
7、mountoflightenteringtheeye,question：acameraformsaninvertedimageonthefilm,howabouthumaneyes?Theoutsideraysenterhumaneyeformsanimageontheretina,andtheimpulsesignalsaregeneratedbyopticnervecellsthesignalstransmittobrainthroughtheopticalnerve.Thevisionformsafte
8、rprocessingbythenervecenter.Theprocessofphysics,physiologyandpsychology.TheformofvisionOpticalaxis:Thelinkofthemacularfoveaandtheimagenodalpointoftheeye.Viewingfieldofhumaneye:Thefieldofvisionofaneyeca
