供应链ch4 Supply contracts.ppt

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1、Chapter4SupplyContracts4.1IntroductionSignificantlevelofoutsourcingManyleadingbrandOEMsoutsourcecompletemanufacturinganddesignoftheirproductsProcurementfunctioninOEMsbecomesveryimportantOEMshavetogetintocontractswithsuppliersForbothstrategicandnon-stra

2、tegiccomponents4.2StrategicComponentsWhatshouldbeincludedinaSupplyContract?4.2StrategicComponentsSupplyContractcanincludethefollowing:Pricingandvolumediscounts.Minimumandmaximumpurchasequantities.Deliveryleadtimes.Productormaterialquality.Productreturn

3、policies.Whatarethepotentialimpactsofasupplycontractonsupplychainpartners?2-StageSequentialSupplyChainAbuyerandasupplier.Buyer’sactivities:generatingaforecastdetermininghowmanyunitstoorderfromthesupplierplacinganordertothesuppliersoastooptimizehisownpr

4、ofitPurchasebasedonforecastofcustomerdemandSupplier’sactivities:reactingtotheorderplacedbythebuyer.Make-To-Order(MTO)policySwimsuitExample2Stages:aretailerwhofacescustomerdemandamanufacturerwhoproducesandsellsswimsuitstotheretailer.RetailerInformation:

5、Summerseasonsalepriceofaswimsuitis$125perunit.Wholesalepricepaidbyretailertomanufactureris$80perunit.Salvagevalueafterthesummerseasonis$20perunitManufacturerinformation:Fixedproductioncostis$100,000Variableproductioncostis$35perunitManufacturerManufact

6、urerDCRetailDCStoresFixedProductionCost=$100,000VariableProductionCost=$35SellingPrice=$125SalvageValue=$20WholesalePrice=$80SupplyContractsSequentialSupplyChainDemandScenariosWhatIstheOptimalOrderQuantity?Retailermarginalprofitisthesameasthemarginalp

7、rofitofthemanufacturer,$45.Retailer’smarginalprofitforsellingaunitduringtheseason,$45,issmallerthanthemarginalloss,$60,associatedwitheachunitsoldattheendoftheseasontodiscountstores.Retaileroptimalpolicyistoorder12,000unitsforanaverageprofitof$470,700.I

8、ftheretailerplacesthisorder,themanufacturer’sprofitis12,000(80-35)-100,000=$440,000SequentialSupplyChainFIGURE4-1:OptimizedsafetystockRiskSharingInthesequentialsupplychain:BuyerassumesalloftheriskofhavingmoreinventorythansalesBuyerlimit