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1、初中英语常用名词复数助记之我见靖远县五合中学唐斌大家都知道,从是否可以计数的角度来看,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词;抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。那么可数名词复数变化的情况有哪些呢?下面浅谈一下笔者的认识和助记体会。一,可数名词复数的规则构成方法。1.大多数可数名词一般在单数名词词尾直接加-s.e.g:lake—lakes.bag—bags.worker—workers.horse—horses.exercise--exercisespage—pages.Etc.2.以s、x、ch
2、、sh结尾的名词词尾加-es.e.g:bus—buses.box—boxes.watch—watches.brush—brushes.sandwich—sandwiches.Etc.但stomach—stomachs〔ks〕例外。3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es.e.g:factory—factories.city—cities.family—families.country—countries.library—libraries.baby,body,party,century,dictionary,spy,pity,histo
3、ry,story,granny,diary,worry,dutyEtc.但以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,词尾直接加-s.e.g:toy—toys.day—days.monkey—monkeys.donkey—donkeys.key—keys.play—plays.Sunday—Sundays.boy—boys.chimney—chimneys.way—ways.holiday—holidays.birthday--birthdaysEtc.4.以o结尾的名词,如词尾为“辅音字母+o”,多数加-es.e.g:Negro-Negroes.hero—her
4、oes.tomato—tomatoes.potato—potatoes.助记:“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯”。少数以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词直接加-s.e.g:piano—pianos.photo—photos.助记:“一张钢琴的照片”。另:tobacco—tobaccos.UFOs.kilos.Etc.但zero两种方式皆可:zero(e)s.如果词尾为“元音字母+o”,只加-s.e.g:radio—radios.bamboo—bamboos.Kangaroo—kangaroos.zoo—zoos.Studio—studios.Etc.5.以f或
5、fe结尾的名词,一般变f或fe为v,再加-es.e.g:leaf—leaves.half—halves.self—selves.wife—wives.knife—knives.shelf—shelves.wolf—wolves.thief—thieves.life—lives.助记:“树叶(leaf)半(half)数自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf),就像盗贼(thief)逃命(life)忙”。有些以f结尾的名词,词尾直接加-s.e.g:roof—roofs.(屋顶)belief—b
6、eliefs(信仰).chief—chiefs(首领)。助记:“信仰屋顶的首领”。但handkerchief(手帕)和scarf(围巾)两种方式皆可:handkerchiefs或handkerchieves.Scarfs或scarves.6以th结尾的名词变复数时,后加-s,但原来的/θ/多变成/ð/,后面的-s也随之读/z/。e.g:mouth/maʊθ/-mouths/maʊðz/(口)path/pɑ:θ/-paths/pɑ:ðz/(小径),另baths,youths,truths.但也有不变音的。e.g:month/mʌnθ/-months/m
7、ʌnθs/(月份)二,可数名词复数的不规则构成方法。1.变内部元音。1>“a”变“e”.e.g:man—men.woman—women.助记:“一对夫妇”。其他:policeman/woman,Englishman/woman,postman/woman,Frenchman/woman.Etc.2>“oo”变“ee”.e.g:goose—geese.tooth—teeth.foot—feet.助记:“鹅用‘牙齿’啄脚”。3>“ou”变“i”.e.g:mouse/maʊs/--mice/maɪs/(鼠),louse/laʊs/--lice/laɪs/(
8、虱)。助记:“虱鼠一家”。4>“i”变“e”.e.g:crisis/`kraisis/--crises/`k