2、being。 二、独立主格结构的构成 1.名词或主格代词+名词 在这种结构中,独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系,在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。此结构也可写成:名词或代词+ being +名词,其中being是非谓语(系)动词,往往省略,但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时,being不能省略。名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时,应用主格形式。 ① He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his only weapon (= and
3、 a stick was his only weapon). 他和这个贼打斗,一根棍子是他唯一的武器。 ② He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool. (=and an English-Chinese dictionary was his tool.) 用一本英汉字典作工具,他把整本书翻译成了英语。 ③ It being Sunday (=As it w
4、as Sunday), I didn’t go to school.(句中的being不能省略) 因为是星期天,我没有上课。 2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 (表示主动含义和动作正在进行) 名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者,与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 ① Weather permitting (= If time permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气许可的话,我们明天去看你。 (表示条件) ② Spring coming
5、 on (= When spring came on), the trees turned green. 春天来了,树木绿油油的。(表示时间) ③ It being Sunday (= As it was Sunday), they had no classes. 由于是星期天,他们不上课。(表示原因,此时being不能省略) ④ Mother being ill (= Because mother was ill), I have to stay home to look after her.
6、 妈妈病了, 我只好在家照顾他。(表示原因) ⑤ There being no bus (= Because there was no bus), we had to walk home. 因为没有公共汽车,我们只好步行回家。(表示原因) 注意: (1)如果该结构表示的动作先发生,则用“名词/主格代词+having done”的形式,含义为“……已经……”。例如: The students having finished their homework (= After the students f
7、inished their homework), we went home. 学生做完家庭作业后,我们回家了。 (2)如果该结构表示“……正在被……”,则用“名词/主格代词+being done”的形式,being不能省略。例如: Food being cooked (= When food was being cooked), I fell asleep. 当食物正在被烹饪的时候,我睡着了。 3.名词/主格代词+过去分词 (表示被动含义和动作的完成) 名词/主格代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作
8、的承受者,与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表关系。 ① The signal given (= After the signal was given), the bus started. 发出信号后,汽车开始前进。(表示时间) ② Their strength exhausted (= Because their strength w