独立主格结构.doc

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1、独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。用作时间状语Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome.用作条件状语Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoona

2、noutingtothebeachtomorrow.用作原因状语Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow(=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiventomorrow),theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.用作伴随状语Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).表示补充说明Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkinglik

3、etwo.*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。名词/主格代词+现在分词：是主动关系。　　Thegirlstaringathim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn'tknowwhattosay.　Timepermitting(=Iftimepermits),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.名词/主格代词+过去分词：是被动关系。　Theproblemssolved(=Astheproblemswereso

4、lved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.　Herglassesbroken(=Becauseherglasseswerebroken),shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.名词/主格代词+不定式：是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。　Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.名词/主格代词+形容词Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.Somanypeopleab

5、sent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.名词/主格代词+副词Heputonhissweater,wrongsideout.Themeetingover,theyallwenthome.名词/主格代词+介词短语Theboygoestotheclassroom,bookinhand.Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.其他形式 Therebeing+名词（代词）Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,

6、Ideclarethemeetingclosed.Itbeing+名词（代词）ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.。