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1、LibraryofCelsusThelibraryofCelsusisanancientRomanbuildinginEphesusAnatolia,nowpartofTurkey.ItwasbuiltinhonoroftheRomanSenatorTiberiusJuliusCelsusPolemaeanus(completedin135AD)byCelsus’son,GaiusJuliusAquila(consul,110AD).Celsushadbeenconsulin92AD,governorofAsiain115AD
2、,andawealthyandpopularlocalcitizen.HewasanativeofnearbySardisandamongsttheearliestmenofpurelyGreekorigintobecomeaconsulintheRomanEmpireandishonoredbothasaGreekandaRomanonthelibraryitself.Celsuspaidfortheconstructionofthelibrarywithhisownpersonalwealth.Thelibrarywasb
3、uilttostore12,000scrollsandtoserveasamonumentaltombforCelsus.Celsusisburiedinasarcophagusbeneaththelibrary,inthemainentrancewhichisbothacryptcontaininghissarcophagusandasepulchralmonumenttohim.Itwasunusualtobeburiedwithinalibraryorevenwithincitylimits,sothiswasaspec
4、ialhonorforCelsus.LibraryofCelsus,restoredHistoryItwasbuiltinEphesus,interritorythatwastraditionallyGreektothecore.ThebuildingisimportantasoneoffewremainingexamplesofanancientRoman-influencedlibrary.ItalsoshowsthatpubliclibrarieswerebuiltnotonlyinRomeitselfbutthroug
5、houttheRomanEmpire.Theinteriorofthelibraryandallitsbooksweredestroyedbyfireinthedevastatingearthquakethatstruckthecityin262.Onlythefacadesurvived.About400AD,thelibrarywastransformedintoaNymphaeum.Thefacadewascompletelydestroyedbyalaterearthquake,likelyinthelateByzan
6、tineperiod.Inamassiverestorationwhichisconsideredtobeverytruetothehistoricbuilding,thefrontfacadewasrebuiltandnowservesasaprimeexampleofRomanpublicarchitecture.TheLibraryofCelsusmayserveasamodelforother,lesswellpreserved,librarieselsewhereintheEmpire,foritispossible
7、thatliterarycollectionswerehousedinotherRomancitiesforthebenefitofstudentsaswellastravelingRomans.SuchlibrariesmayalsohavehousedcollectionsoflocaldocumentsofinterestiftheywerenotdestroyedduringtheRomanconquest.Theinsideofthebuilding,notfullyrestored,wasasinglerectan
8、gularroom(measuring17x11 m)withacentralapseframedbyalargearchatthefarwall.AstatueofCelsusorofAthena,goddessoftruth,stoodintheapse,andCelsu
